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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 165 (1996), S. 149-163 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanosarcina ; Methanobacterium ; Hydrogenase ; Heterodisulfide reductase ; CO dehydrogenase ; Methyltransferase ; Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase ; ATP synthase ; Proton motive force ; Sodium motive force
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenic archaea are strictly anaerobic organisms that derive their metabolic energy from the conversion of a restricted number of substrates to methane. H2+CO2 and formate are converted to CH4 via the CO2-reducing pathway, while methanol and methylamines are metabolized by the methylotrophic pathway. A limited number of methanogenic organisms utilize acetate by the aceticlastic pathway. Redox reactions involved in these processes are partly catalyzed by membrane-bound enzyme systems that generate or, in the case of endergonic reactions, use electrochemical ion gradients. The H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase, the F420H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase and the CO:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase, are novel systems that generate a proton motive force by redox-potential-driven H+ translocation. The methyltetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme M methyltransferase is a unique, reversible sodium ion pump that couples methyl transfer with the transport of Na+ across the cytoplasmic membrane. Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase is a reversible ion pump that catalyzes formylation and deformylation, of methanofuran. In summary, the pathways are coupled to the generation of an electrochemical sodium ion gradient and an electrochemical proton gradient. Both ion gradients are used directly for ATP synthesis via membrane integral ATP synthases. The function of the above-mentioned systems and their components in the metabolism of methanogens are described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 165 (1996), S. 149-163 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsMethanosarcina ; Methanobacterium ; Hydrogenase ; Heterodisulfide reductase ; CO dehydrogenase ; Methyltransferase ; Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase ; ATP synthase ; Proton motive force ; Sodium motive force
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenic archaea are strictly anaerobic organisms that derive their metabolic energy from the conversion of a restricted number of substrates to methane. H2 + CO2 and formate are converted to CH4 via the CO2-reducing pathway, while methanol and methylamines are metabolized by the methylotrophic pathway. A limited number of methanogenic organisms utilize acetate by the aceticlastic pathway. Redox reactions involved in these processes are partly catalyzed by membrane-bound enzyme systems that generate or, in the case of endergonic reactions, use electrochemical ion gradients. The H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase, the F420H2:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase and the CO:heterodisulfide oxidoreductase, are novel systems that generate a proton motive force by redox-potential-driven H+ translocation. The methyltetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme M methyltransferase is a unique, reversible sodium ion pump that couples methyl transfer with the transport of Na+ across the cytoplasmic membrane. Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase is a reversible ion pump that catalyzes formylation and deformylation, of methanofuran. In summary, the pathways are coupled to the generation of an electrochemical sodium ion gradient and an electrochemical proton gradient. Both ion gradients are used directly for ATP synthesis via membrane integral ATP synthases. The function of the above-mentioned systems and their components in the metabolism of methanogens are described in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 24 (1992), S. 529-546 
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Methanogenesis ; $$\Delta \bar \mu _{H + } $$ ; F420H2 dehydrogenase ; hydrogenase ; heterodisulfide reductase ; $$\Delta \bar \mu _{Na + } $$ ; formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase ; methyl-H4MPT ; HS-CoM methyltransferase ; ATP synthase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Methanogenesis is restricted to a group of prokaryotic microorganisms which thrive in strictly anaerobic habitats where they play an indispensable role in the anaerobic food chain. Methanogenic bacteria possess a number of unique cofactors and coenzymes that play an important role in their specialized metabolism. Methanogenesis from a number of simple substrates such as H2 + CO2, formate, methanol, methylamines, and acetate is associated with the generation of transmembrane electrochemical gradients of protons and sodium ions which serve as driving force for a number of processes such as the synthesis of ATP via an ATP synthase, reverse electron transfer, and solute uptake. Several unique reactions of the methanogenic pathways have been identified that are involved in energy transduction. Their role and importance for the methanogenic metabolism are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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