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  • 1
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    Remarks on the overall distribution of hydrogen in the galactic disk (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: The degree of saturation characterizing low altitude emission observations of H(I) and the optical depth corrections to the derived column and volume densities are discussed. The amount of fine-scale velocity and spatial structure diluted by the instrumental limitations of the presently available surveys are described. The general problem of detailed mapping of H(I) in the galaxy is explored. Comparison is made between the distribution of H(I) and that of CO and several other galactic tracers. Atomic hydrogen is unique in its distribution, instead of being typical of many Population I constituents. As defined by atomic hydrogen, the galactic disk has a diameter fully twice as large as that defined by the ionized and molecular states of hydrogen, as well as by other molecules, supernova remnants, pulsars, gamma-radiation, synchroton radiation, and the youngest stars. It is also less confined to the galactic equator than most of the other constituents. The degree of small scale structure apparent in the molecular observations is much greater than that in the H(I) observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 163-188
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  • 2
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    Remarks on the overall distribution of hydrogen in the galactic disk (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Several current problems concerning the overall distribution of hydrogen in the galaxy are discussed in general terms. These problems include the degree of saturation characterizing low-latitude emission observations of HI, and the optical-depth corrections to the derived column and volume densities; the amount of fine-scale velocity and spatial structure diluted by the instrumental limitations of the presently available surveys; and the general problem of detailed mapping of the HI in the galaxy. Comparison is made between the distribution of HI and that of CO and several other galactic tracers. The galactic disk as defined by atomic hydrogen has a diameter fully twice as large as that defined by the ionized and molecular states of hydrogen, as well as by other molecules, supernova remnants, pulsars, gamma radiation, synchroton radiation, and the youngest stars. It is also less confined to the galactic equator than most of the other constituents. The degree of small-scale structure apparent in the molecular observations is much greater than in the HI observations. Parameters describing the small-scale structure were determined using Monte Carlo techniques to simulate the observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Struct. and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Gamma Rays; p 177-205
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  • 3
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    Shocked forbidden O I 63 micron line emission from the supernova remnant IC 443 (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of the fine-structure emission from the forbidden O I 63 micron line in the SNR IC 443 are presented. It is shown that the emission correlates well with the distribution of line emission from shock-excited molecular hydrogen, which leads to the conclusion that the line is shock-excited. X-ray heating as well as UV-heating from a photodissociation region is ruled out as a possible excitation mechanism for the emission. It is shown that the forbidden O I 63 micron line is an important contributor to the total emission in the IRAS 60 micron band, estimated as approximately 40-75 percent of the total band flux. An attempt to shock model the line emission from IC 443 is made; however, to match the observational evidence, it has to be assumed that the shock is J-type, and that the oxygen chemistry is suppressed so that oxygen remains in atomic form and does not get converted into H2O. However, no theoretical rationale for these assumptions can be provided.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 355; 197-209
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  • 4
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    Molecular hydrogen polarization images of OMC-1 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An image of the polarization of the shocked H2 v = 1-0 S(1) line emission in the core of OMC-1 has been obtained. Along the molecular outflow of the source, the line is dichroically polarized by a medium of aligned grains located between the earth and the shock fronts. The polarization pattern traces the magnetic field direction, which is parallel to the outflow axis and to the large-scale field direction determined from far-IR continuum measurements. Close to the IR source IRc2, the likely source of the outflow, the aligned vectors twist, indicating that the magnetic field direction changes. Modeling the line ratios of scattered H2 lines in the reflection nebula, it is concluded that the size distribution of grains there is typical of the small grains in the diffuse interstellar medium. By contrast, the scattered continuum radiation from the core region suggests that the grains there are larger than this.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 375; 611-617
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  • 5
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    Line emission from clumpy photodissociation regions (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A theoretical parameter study of dense photodissociation regions is presented. It is found that when the gas density is sufficiently high relative to the FUV flux, self-shielding of the molecules can move the C(+)/CO and H/H2 atomic-molecular transitions close to the surfaces of the molecular cloud, where they can feel the full effect of heating by the FUV radiation field. For n of 100,000/cu cm, collisional deexcitation of the FUV-pumped H2 can move the lower levels toward the LTE, producing line ratio resembling those of shocked regions for these low-v levels, while the high-v level line ratios retain a 'fluorescent' value. Appreciable emission in high-J transitions of CO originates in this warm molecular gas. Comparison with observations suggests that a small volume filling factor of high density clumps embedded within a moderate density interclump medium are a common phenomenon in photodissociation regions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 365; 620-639
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  • 6
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    The dust distribution within the inner coma of comet P/Halley 1982i - Encounter by Giotto's impact detectors (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Analyses are presented of Giotto's Dust Impact Detection System experiment measurements of dust grains incident on the Giotto dust shield along its trajectory through the coma of comet P/Halley on March 13 and 14, 1986. Ground-based CCD imagery of the inner coma dust continuum at the time of the encounter are used to derive the area of grains intercepted by Giotto. Data obtained at large masses show clear evidence of a decrease in the mass distribution index at these masses within the coma; it is shown that such a value of the mass index can furnish sufficient mass for consistency with an observed deceleration.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 187; 1-2,; 719-741
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  • 7
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    Spectropolarimetry of the molecular hydrogen line emission from OMC-1 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of the H2 v = 1-0 S(1) line at 35 km/s velocity resolution were obtained at several locations within OMC-1, including the molecular hydrogen reflection nebula. All line profiles are smooth and show no evidence for being composed of discrete components. The data are discussed with respect to a model for the H2 line formation in which the emission originates in discrete clumps moving at different velocities. It is suggested that the extended blue wing may come from fast-moving clumps embedded in a wind.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 235; 161-174
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  • 8
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    Investigation of low-latitude hydrogen emission in terms of a two-component interstellar gas model (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High-resolution 21-cm hydrogen line observations at low galactic latitude are analyzed to determine the large-scale distribution of galactic hydrogen. Distribution parameters are found by model fitting, optical depth effects are computed using a two-component gas model suggested by the observations, and calculations are made for a one-component uniform spin-temperature gas model to show the systematic departures between this model and data obtained by incorrect treatment of the optical depth effects. Synthetic 21-cm line profiles are computed from the two-component model, and the large-scale trends of the observed emission profiles are reproduced together with the magnitude of the small-scale emission irregularities. Values are determined for the thickness of the galactic hydrogen disk between half density points, the total observed neutral hydrogen mass of the galaxy, and the central number density of the intercloud hydrogen atoms. It is shown that typical hydrogen clouds must be between 1 and 13 pc in diameter and that optical thinness exists on large-scale despite the presence of optically thin gas.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 198; June 1
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  • 9
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    High spectral resolution observations of fluorescent molecular hydrogen in molecular clouds (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The 1-0 S(1) line of molecular hydrogen has been observed at high spectral resolution in several sources where the emission was suspected of being fluorescent. In NGC 2023, the Orion Bar, and Parsamyan 18, the S(1) line is unresolved, and the line center close to the rest velocity of the ambient molecular cloud. Such behavior is expected for UV-excited line emission. The H2 line widths in molecular clouds thus can serve as diagnostic for shocked and UV-excitation mechanisms. If the lines are broader than several km/s or velocity shifts are observed across a source it is likely that shocks are responsible for the excitation of the gas.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 352; 625-629
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  • 10
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    Velocity profiles of high-excitation molecular hydrogen lines (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Profiles of three lines of molecular hydrogen near 2.2 microns, originating from widely spaced energy levels, have been measured at a resolution of 32 km/s at Peak 1 in the Orion molecular outflow. The three lines, 1 - 0 S(1), 2 - 1 S(1), and 3 - 2 S(3), are found to have identical profiles. This result rules out any significant contribution to the population of the higher energy levels of molecular hydrogen at Peak 1 by fluorescence, and is generally consistent with emission from multiple J-type shocks.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 242; 88-91
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