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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (9)
  • hydrogen-bonding  (2)
  • evolutionary ethics
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility of anthracene in binary alcohol + 1-pentanol solvent mixtures at 25°C: Comparison of expressions derived from Mobile Order theory and the Kretschmer-Wiebe association model (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 25 (1996), S. 1001-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Anthracene solubilities ; hydrogen-bonding ; self-association ; solid-liquid equilibria ; binary alkanol solvent mixtures ; 1-pentanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A relatively simple expression is developed for predicting the solubility of an inert crystalline solute in binary alcohol + alcohol solvent mixtures based upon the Kretschmer-Wiebe association model. The predictive accuracy of the newlyderived expression is compared to equation(s) derived previously from Mobile Order theory using experimental anthracene solubilities in seven binary alcohol + 1-pentanol solvent mixtures at 25°C, which were measured as part of the present investigation. Computations show that both models accurately describe the solubility behavior of anthracene in the binary solvent systems studied. Average absolute deviations between observed and predicted values were 0.9% and 1.4% for the Kretschmer-Wiebe and Mobile Order predictive equations, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00972595
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermochemical investigations of hydrogen-bonded solutions. Part 11. Expressions for predicting anthracene solubilities in alcohol+alkoxyalcohol mixtures based on mobile order theory (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 25 (1996), S. 1089-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Anthracene solubilities ; hydrogen-bonding ; self-association ; solid-liquid equilibria ; binary alcohol+alkoxyethanol solvent mixtures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in eight binary mixtures containing 2-ethoxyethanol with 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-octanol, and also in binary 1-pentanol+2-methoxyethanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol+2-propoxyethanol solvent systems at 25°C. Results of these measurements, combined with previously reported anthracene solubility data in 22 different alcohol +2-alkoxyethanol (2-methoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol) solvent mixtures, are used to test the limitations and applications of expressions derived from Mobile Order theory. The first predictive expression assumes only formation of homogeneous self-associated hydrogen-bonded species, whereas the second equation includes additional terms to account for heterogeneous complex formation between the dissolved alcohol and 2-alkoxyethanol solvent molecules. Both equations predict the observed anthracene solubilities to within an average absolute deviation of about 3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00972924
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darwinian Ethics and Error (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 15 (2000), S. 713-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Darwin ; error theory ; ethics ; evolution ; evolutionary ethics ; Mackie ; naturalistic fallacy ; Ruse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Suppose that the human tendency to think of certain actions andomissions as morally required – a notion that surely lies at the heart of moral discourse – is a trait that has been naturallyselected for. Many have thought that from this premise we canjustify or vindicate moral concepts. I argue that this is mistaken, and defend Michael Ruse's view that the moreplausible implication is an error theory – the idea thatmorality is an illusion foisted upon us by evolution. Thenaturalistic fallacy is a red herring in this debate,since there is really nothing that counts as a ‘fallacy’ at all. If morality is an illusion, it appears to followthat we should, upon discovering this, abolish moraldiscourse on pain of irrationality. I argue that thisconclusion is too hasty, and that we may be able usefullyto employ a moral discourse, warts and all, withoutbelieving in it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006742813396
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  • 4
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    A tentative identification of methanol as the progenitor of the 3.52-micron emission feature in several comets (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Continuum emission has been detected during 3.44-3.64 micron spectral region observations of Comets P/Brorsen-Metcalf, Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko, and Levy. The spatial brightness profile of the 3.52-micron emission feature was measured and found to be consistent with uniform outflow from a central, unresolved source; the molecule generating the emission is either directly sublimated from the cometary surface or is a short-lived parent specie's dissociation product. The modeled IR spectrum of CH3OH implies the consistency of the observed spectra with a methanol origin for the 3.52 emission.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 93; 122-134
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    The optical/infrared counterpart(s) of IRAS 18333-2357 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Observations of the potential optical counterparts of the unusual source IRAS 18333-2357 are reported. There are three distinct optical objects located within roughly 2 arcsec of the IR source: a red star, a very blue star, and an extended emission line nebulosity. IRAS 18333-2357 indeed appears to be physically associated with the Galactic globular cluster M22, and while it probably should be considered a PN, its very small nebular mass and extreme abundance anomalies are very unusual among known PNe. IRAS 18333-2357 does not appear to be at an early stage of PN evolution, but instead may be in a late stage. The lack of an associated radio or H-alpha source is the result of abundance anomalies in the source.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 338; 862-874
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  • 6
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    Infrared spectroscopy of comets (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: An observational search for cometary parent molecules using infrared spectroscopy was conducted in the 1 to 5 micron region. The investigation involved two different observing programs, one at moderate spectral resolution and one at fairly high resolution. The lower resolution was used to study cometary spectra in the vicinity of 3.5 micron at wavelength/change in wavelength is approximately or equal to 10(exp 3). Comets P/Brorsen-Metcalf (1989o), Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko (1989r), and Austin (1990c1) were observed with the Cryogenic Spectrometer (CRSP) at Kitt Peak. The detector incorporated an InSb array with 58 spatial elements, each 2.7 min on the sky, and 62 spectral channels per spatial element. An, as yet, unidentified feature was detected at approximately 3.52 micron in Comet Austin (on 1990 May 4, 5, and 6). The feature is possibly present in P/Brorsen-Metcalf (observed on 1989 August 23 and 25), as well. Comet Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko exhibited continuum emission only in this spectral region at the time of the observations (1989 November 14 and 16). The data are presented, and the relationship between the 3.52 micron feature and cometary activity (e.g., water production rate, visibility of the 3.4 micron emission feature) are discussed. The high resolution program probed comet Austin in the 4.8 micron region. These observations were used to search for emission lines comprising the (1-0) vibration-rotation band of the ground electronic state of CO. Retrieval of the lines allows a probe of the population distribution of levels J' = 1 through 4 of the excited (v' = 1) vibrational state within the ground electronic state of CO. Knowledge of this distribution can be used to constrain the rotational temperature. Preliminary analysis suggests the P3 line was present UT May 16 at roughly the 5 sigma level. Results concerning the existence of other lines, and physical conditions inferred therefrom are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Southwest Research Inst., Workshop on Observations of Recent Comets (1990); p 69
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  • 7
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    High-luminosity carbon stars in the galactic anticenter (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: K-band magnitudes of 211 carbon stars in the Galactic anticenter are presented. The surface density, brightness range, and observed colors of stars in the sample are discussed. It is suggested that the K-band extinction gradient in the Galactic plane near l = 180 deg is between 0.15 and 0.3/kpc. In contrast to the total density of stars, it is found that the density of high-luminosity carbon stars does not decrease in the anticenter region out to at least 3 kpc from the sun. It is proposed that this is due to the fact that lower metallicity stars spend more time as carbon stars compared to stars of solar metallicity. Also, it is shown that the average mass-loss rates from high-luminosity carbon stars in the anticenter direction appear to be lower by a factor of 1.7 than those for carbon stars in the solar neighborhood.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 336; 924-936
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    The temporal evolution of the 1-5 micron spectrum of V1974 CYGNI (Nova Cygni 1992) (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present 1-5 micrometer moderate- and high-resolution infrared spectra of the ONeMg nova V1974 (Nova Cygni 1992) obtained at multiple epochs during an approximately 500 day period after outburst. During the first 80 days, the spectra exhibited continuum emission from thermal bremsstrahlung (free-free radiation) with prominent recombination line emission from hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, and oxygen. The measurement Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) of these recombination lines suggests that the initial velocity of the ejecta was approximately equals 2400-3400 km/s. We estimate from the hydrogen recombination line ratios that the density of the ionized shell at this epoch was approximately equals 10(exp 9), with an effective electron temperature of approximately equals 5 x 10(exp 3) K. As the temporal evolution of the ejecta progressed, the hydrogen and helium lines diminished in intensity, and coronal lines of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, neon, and sulfur appeared by approximately day 80. The coronal line emission phase persisted for over 400 days. During this epoch, no significant dust formation occurred. We find that the ejecta of V1974 Cyg were overabundant in aluminum with respect to silicon by a factor of approximately equals 5 and in magnesium with respect to silicon by a factor of greater than or equal to 3 relative to the solar photosphere. Comparison of our observed overabundances with recent model predictions of elemental synthesis in ONeMg outbursts suggests that the accreted envelope on V1974 Cyg was close to solar composition and that the precursor ONeMg white dwarf had a mass of approximately equals 1 solar mass.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 438; 2; p. 921-931
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  • 9
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    Infrared polarization images of star-forming regions. I - The ubiquity of bipolar structure (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The inefficiency of the stellar formation process leads rather generally to high residual dust densities, and so to the existence of infrared reflection nebulosity (IRN), in regions of star formation. Polarization images of several star-forming regions with mass outflows (GSS 30, S255, GL 5180, GL 2591, GGD 27, and NGC 7538) presented here: (1) establish the universality of bipolarity and of shell or cavity structure in the IRN consistent with that of CO outflow; (2) identify the source of the mass outflow in each case; (3) show that the opening angle near this central source is large; and (4) demonstrate several instances of multiple shells, probably arising from episodic mass loss. Astrometry of 2.2-micron sources with arcsecond accuracy identifies the illuminating source of each IRN uniquely with a compact H II region or a bright IR source. The polarization images provide strong evidence for large-scale dust toroids around each of these sources. The density and mass of these disks are estimated from the extinction through the disk.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 378; 611-627
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  • 10
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    The light curve and changes in the circumstellar envelope around IRC + 10216 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper presents results of NIR photometric observations of IRC + 10216 star during the time interval 1965-1990, which were combined with measurements of the circumstellar shell surrounding IRC + 10216 by IR speckle interferometry. Using these data together with published observations, a very precise light curve was constructed, demonstrating the occurrence of long-term changes in the circumstellar shell surrounding IRC + 10216. The observations are discussed in the framework of two alternatives: (1) the occurrence of dynamical changes in the shell and (2) blocking of the direct light from the star to a portion of the shell by intervening material.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 102; 200-207
    Format: text
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