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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (173)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (56)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (33)
  • 1
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    The Need for High-Resolution Crustal Magnetic Field Data on Mars (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Magnetometer observations from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft (MAG/ER on MGS) have confirmed that Mars does not presently have an internally-generated dipole magnetic field, and have also revealed intense remanent magnetism in the Martian crust. The remanent magnetic anomalies, most prevalent in the southern highlands region, are a record of the past history of the internal Mars dipole field. The MAG/ER data constitute a valuable data set for constraining the early thermal evolution of Mars and the history of the planetary magnetic field. However, the data lack the resolution needed to draw definite conclusions regarding the time history of the field. High-resolution magnetometer observations, obtained at low-altitude, are needed to complement and extend the MGS/ER data set and allow a definitive time history of the internal Mars dynamo to be constructed.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 2; 259-260; LPI-Contrib-1062-Pt-2
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  • 2
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    Small-scale plasma, magnetic, and neutral density fluctuations in the nightside Venus atmosphere (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The evolution of the Venus small-scale waves as they propagate into the nightsite is examined, and the small-scale structures are compared with the waves in the three components of the magnetic field, magnetic dip angle, and neutral density. It is demonstrated that the small-scale fluctuations evolve between the transterminator and antisolar regions. It is shown that atmospheric gravity waves may also be producing some of the fluctuations observed at longer wavelengths. The electron temperature and density are shown to be approximately 180 deg out of phase and exhibiting the highest correlation of any pair of variables. Waves in the electron and neutral densities are found to be correlated moderately on most orbits, while the average electron temperature is higher when the average magnetic field is more horizontal.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 4085-410
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  • 3
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    The ionotail of Venus - Its configuration and evidence for ion escape (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The configuration and morphology of the plasma clouds in the ionotail of Venus (revealed by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter) are studied, and the rate of planetary ion escape, which may be associated with the dissipation and removal of the ionospheric plasma, is estimated. The data supplied by the Orbiter's instruments, the Orbiter electron temperature probe, the ion mass spectrometer, the neutral mass spectrometer, the magnetometer, and the plasma analyzer, are analyzed, and the results of the observations are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 15-26
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  • 4
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    Pioneer Venus and near-earth observations of interplanetary shocks (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Twenty-three transient interplanetary shocks observed near earth during 1978-1982, and mostly reported in the literature, have also been identified at the Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft. There seems to be a fairly consistent trend for lower shock speeds, farther from the sun. Shock normals obtained using the Pioneer Venus data correspond well with published values from near earth. By referring to the portion of the Pioneer Venus plasma data used here from locations at longitudes within 37 deg of earth, it is found that shocks are weaker at earth, compared with those closer to the sun.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 3385-339
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  • 5
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    Structure of the Jovian Magnetodisk Current Sheet: Initial Galileo Observations (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: The ten-degree tilt of the Jovian magnetic dipole causes the magnetic equator to move back and forth across Jupiter's rotational equator and tile Galileo orbit that lies therein. Beyond about 24 Jovian radii, the equatorial current sheet thins and tile magnetic structure changes from quasi-dipolar into magnetodisk-like with two regions of nearly radial but antiparallel magnetic field separated by a strong current layer. The magnetic field at the center of the current sheet is very weak in this region. Herein we examine tile current sheet at radial distances from 24 55 Jovian radii. We find that the magnetic structure very much resembles tile structure seen at planetary magnetopause and tail current sheet crossings. Tile magnetic field variation is mainly linear with little rotation of the field direction, At times there is almost no small-scale structure present and the normal component of the magnetic field is almost constant through the current sheet. At other times there are strong small-scale structures present in both the southward and northward directions. This small-scale structure appears to grow with radial distance and may provide the seeds for tile explosive reconnection observed at even greater radial distances oil tile nightside. Beyond about 40 Jovian radii, the thin current sheet also appears to be almost constantly in oscillatory motion with periods of about 10 min. The amplitude of these oscillations also appears to grow with radial distance. The source of these fluctuations may be dynamical events in tile more distant magnetodisk.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); Volume 47; 1101-1109
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  • 6
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    International Jupiter Watch - A program to study the time variability of the Jovian system (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The International Jupiter Watch is a program for the encouragement and coordination of the study of temporal variations in the Jovian system. It consists of six discipline working groups concerned with: the Io torus under N. Schneider; the Jovian atmosphere under R. West; the magnetosphere and radio emissions under I. de Peter and M. Klein; aurora under J. Caldwell; the Galilean satellites under W. Sinton and J. Goguen; and laboratory measurement and theory under B. Lutz. To date the IJW has held two workshops and selected several Jupiter Watch periods for coordinated observations. The next Jupiter Watch workshop is tentatively scheduled for 1990 in association with the next COSPAR meeting.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 10; 1, 19
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  • 7
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    Magnetic field in the wake of Venus and the formation of ionospheric holes (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Magnetic field structures are analyzed for both the ionospheric hole region and the magnetosheath/ionosphere interaction region of the nightside of Venus, in search of possible coupling between these two regimes. A magnetic coordinate system based on the directions of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field is found to order the data reasonably well, allowing consistent superposition of observational data from individual passes of the Pioneer Venus orbiter. The results indicate that the magnetosheath plasma flow in the wake region plays an important role in forming the ionospheric holes through deformation of the nightside ionopause. The results are combined in a model of the three-dimensional magnetic field structure around the ionosphere of Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1385-139
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  • 8
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    Mass of Saturn's A ring (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The mass of Saturn's A ring is reestimated using the behavior of spiral density waves embedded in the ring. The Voyager photopolarimeter (PPS) observed the star delta-Scorpii as it was occulted by Saturn's rings during the Voyager 2 flyby of Saturn in 1981 producing a radial profile of the rings. We examined forty spiral density waves in the Voyager PPS data of the A ring including 10 weaker waves that have not been previously analyzed by means of an autoregressive power spectral technique called Burg. The strengths of this new method for ring studies are that weaker, less extended waves are easily detected and characterized. This method is also the first one which does not require precise knowledge of the resonance location and phase of the wave in order to calculate the surface mass density. Uncertainties of up to 3 km are present in the currently available radial scales for Saturn's rings.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 2: G-M; p 671-672
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Dynamical response of the dayside ionosphere of Venus to the solar wind (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Dayside ion composition measurements made by the orbiter ion mass spectrometer and the orbiter electron temperature probe on the Pioneer Venus orbiter are used to infer the dominant processes involved in the dynamic response of the Venus ionosphere to the solar wind. The analysis is confined to the topside ionosphere in the vicinity of the subsolar point, where the ionosphere-solar wind interaction is expected to be maximized. Height profiles of the ion composition and plasma temperatures in the main body of the topside ionosphere, lying between the ionopause and chemical equilibrium regions, reveal that the ionosphere is in a compressed state. This region of the ionosphere is interpreted in terms of a stationary equilibrium where the compression is derived from the ponderomotive force j x B. The estimated magnitude of this force is confirmed by the magnetic field measurements made by the orbiter magnetometer.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 10
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    The Venus ionosphere as an obstacle to the solar wind (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Pioneer Venus Orbiter Electron Temperature Probe measurements of hundreds of bow shock and ionopause crossings are employed in describing the configuration of these two boundaries and their variations in response to changes in solar wind pressure. The average bow shock configuration is found to be well represented by an Archimedian hyperboloid whose altitude at the subsolar point is 0.46 Venus radii, a value slightly greater than that derived from Pioneer Venus magnetometer data using a fit to a general conic section. It is noted that the average bow shock configuration exhibits a high degree of azimuthal symmetry near the terminator. The orbit to orbit variability of the shock location is unexpectedly large, the standard deviation being about 10%. A tendency is noted for the bow shock and the ionopause to expand and contract simultaneously, but the weakness of their orbit by orbit correlation suggests that the ionopause of Venus is not the only obstacle to the solar wind. It is thought that such processes as photoion pickup and charge exchange with neutrals may be important in diverting the solar wind plasma around the planet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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