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  • Other Sources  (26)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (11)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (8)
  • FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY  (7)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The radio synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons in shell supernova remnants (SNRs) provides a unique opportunity to probe the energy distribution of energetic electrons at their acceleration site (SNR shock fronts). This information provides insight into the acceleration mechanism(s). The implications of these observations for the diffusive (first-order Fermi) acceleration of electrons at the SNR shock fronts are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Nineteenth International Cosmic Ray Conference. Conference Papers: Invited Rapporteur, Highlight, Miscellaneous, Volume 9; 4 p
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Dense materials, such as steel balls, continuously levitated with energy provided by efficient high-powered siren in combination with shaped reflector. Reflector system, consisting of curved top reflector and flat lower reflector, eliminates instability in spatial positioning of sample.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: NPO-16146 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 8; 4; P. 570
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  • 3
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Acoustic fields support and cool liquid particles. Levitated by sound energy, liquid drop in acoustic standing-wave field surrounded by acousticically-induced jet streams. Streaming gas cools drow below its freezing point in small fraction of second. Allows new amorphous alloys including "metallic glass" to be formed.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: NPO-15658 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 7; 4; P. 472
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  • 4
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: After initial formation, spheroids processed without contaminating touch of solid objects. Spheroid in process supported by acoustic levitation at each work station and transported between stations by combination of acoustic levritation and acoustic propulsion. Automatic sequence of target-pellet fabication allows no contact of solid ojbect with spheroids in process. Potential for manufacture of precise microcapsules for catalysts and medications.
    Keywords: FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
    Type: NPO-15592 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 7; 4; P. 471
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A theory for the self-consistent configuration of upstream hydromagnetic waves, upstream energetic storm particle (ESP) events, and downstream postshock ion enhancements at interplanetary traveling shocks is presented. The observations of upstream ultralow frequency waves and those ESP events and postshock enhancements which exhibit approximately isotropic ion distributions in the solar wind or shock frame are briefly reviewed. The theory of Lee (1982) for application to interplanetary traveling shocks is modified and analytical solutions for the wave spectrum as a function of wavenumber and z are presented along with the ion omnidirectional distribution functions as functions of energy and z for all ion species. The theory quantitatively explaines the observed features of the shock-associted energetic ions and predicts the configuration of upstream hydromagnetic waves.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Aug. 1
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The so-called anomalous cosmic ray component, which occurs at energies of about 10 MeV/nucleon and consists only of He, N, O, and Ne, has been a subject of interest for more than a decade. The origin of this component is generally considered to be interstellar neutral gas that is ionized and accelerated in the solar wind. The mechanism and the location for the acceleration, however, remains an unsolved problem. A model is used which includes the effects of gradient and curvature drifts and considers the implications of observed spatial gradients of the anomalous component for the location of the acceleration region. It is concluded that if drifts are important the acceleration region cannot lie at the solar poles. It is also concluded that there is no single region for the acceleration which can account for both the observed intensities and gradients in models which include drift effects.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: SH-4.6-6 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 5; p 180-183; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-5
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In the presently derived analytic solutions of the steady transport equation for diffusive particle acceleration in a modified, planar shock front having free escape boundaries, the fluid velocity profile through the shock transition decreases monotonically between the upstream and downstream boundaries. The spatial diffusion coefficient's spatial dependence is linked to that of the fluid velocity profile. Attention is given to the solution corresponding to monoenergetic particle injection at the shock front, with free particle escape at finite distances both upstream and downstream of the shock. The accelerated particle spectrum is dominated at high energies by an exponential cutoff, due to the competition between acceleration by the first-order Fermi mechanism and particle loss through the free escape boundaries.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 215; 341-352
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The theory of diffusive shock acceleration and its application in interplanetary space are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the distinction between diffusive and shock-drift shock acceleration, on ion-excitation of MHD waves upstream of the shock and the resulting self-consistent configuration of waves and accelerated ions, and on the mathematical theory of that configuration at quasi-parallel supercritical interplanetary travelling shocks. A comparison of predicted and observed proton anisotropies for the 12 November 1978 event is presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 2-3
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Detailed energetic ion and low-frequency wave experiments on ISEE 1, 2, and 3, have established correlations between the types of ion populations and waves observed to exist in the earth's foreshock region. The present calculation has the objective to quantitatively test the picture obtained for the earth's foreshock region. An analysis is conducted of the coupled spatial and temporal evolution of upstream protons and hydromagnetic waves by means of a simple model in which the protons are represented by counterstreaming beams which resonate with hydromagnetic waves, exciting the outward propagating modes and damping the inward propagating modes at a single wave number.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 39-45
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Using the complete set of Maxwell equations, the ray paths and Stokes parameters of a polarized wave are followed which passes through a slab of differentially shearing material of variable refractive index. The polarization state of the signal leaving the top of the slab is related to the polarization state of the initial wave. In general, the two are not the same. These calculations were made to illustrate the point that the polarization properties of observed pulsar signals may be very different from those of the emitted signals due to propagation effects in the differentially shearing magnetospheres that most pulsars are believed to possess. While it is recognized that the precise amount of polarization variations is model dependent, the calculations show that even for simple situations a noticeable polarization variation occurs. Accordingly, the calculations reported here are an educative device: they show that it is, perhaps, unwise to assume that the observed polarization properties of pulsar signals are the same as the emitted signals.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 198; June 1
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