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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (2)
  • Chemistry  (2)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (2)
  • NONMETALLIC MATERIALS  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thin films of spin-probed and spin-labeled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) in the temperature range of 77-520°K. The rotational correlation times of nitroxides used as spin probes and labels have been determined as a function of temperature from which activation energies are also determined. The nitroxide rotational times are found to strongly correlate with local segmental and side-chain motions of the host PMMA matrix. Five discrete molecular motions are detected in PMMA along with their activation energies as measured: side-chain CH3 rotation (1 Kcal/mol), main-chain CH3 rotation (2 Kcal/mol), ester side-chain COOCH3 rotation around the C—C bond (4 Kcal/mol), main-chain C—C bond rotation (6 Kcal/mol), and side-chain OCH3 rotation around the C—O bond (18 Kcal/mol). The activation energies determined by ESR are consistent with the potential-energy barriers calculated theoretically for various rotations in PMMA. It is concluded that the probe and label rotational motions do respond to localized, small-scale segmental and side-chain motions of host polymers but are relatively ineffective in response to the large-scale segmental motion with an activation energy larger than 20 Kcal/mol in the case of PMMA.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 3-MeV proton beam irradiation studies have been carried out on a commercial aromatic polysulfone (Udell 1700). Physical and mechanical property changes have been monitored as a function of dose. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses have also been performed on the irradiated samples. Results have been compared to those from previous studies with electrons and γ-radiation. A mechanism of proton-induced degradation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: This paper describes the first direct determination (performed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy) of Ti(3+) in hibonite from inclusion SH-7 of the Murchison C2 chondrite and in synthetic hibonites of four compositions, three of which corresponded to the compositions of blue hibonites and one to that of an orange hibonite. The Ti(3+) concentration in the hibonite from SH-7 was found to range from 0.35 to 0.44 percent, while the Ti(3+) contents in three synthetic blue hibonites ranged from 0.02 to 0.64 percent. Orange hibonite contained no Ti(3+), supporting an earlier conclusion that the orange-to-blue transition is associated with the presence of Ti(3+). At constant temperature and oxygen fugacity, the Ti(3+)/Ti(4+) ratio in synthetic hibonites was found to increase with decreasing V, but was not strongly dependent on bulk Ti. Fe and Cr contents did not have a significant effect on the amount of Ti(3+).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 52; 1479-149
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Abstracts of Papers Presented at a Special Session of the Seventh Annual Lunar Science Conference on Utilization of Lunar Materials and Expertise for Large Scale Operations in Space; p 148-149
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Although the Viking Landers failed to find any evidence of life on the surface of Mars, much remains unknown. Study of returned samples can answer some of these questions. The search for organic compounds, the building blocks of life forms based on carbon chemistry, should continue. The question of life on Mars is still an open one, and deserves to be addressed by the study of returned samples. Whether life developed and evolved on Mars or not depends critically on the history of the Martian atmosphere and hydrosphere. The exobiology of Mars is thus inextrically intertwined with the nature of its paleoatmosphere and the ancient state of the planet's regolith, which may still be preserved in the polar caps and underground. Core samples from such sites could answer some of the questions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Mars Sample Return Science; p 138-139
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The most important objective of the Comet Nucleus Sample Returm Mission is to return samples which could reflect formation conditions and evolutionary processes in the early solar nebula. It is expected that the returned samples will consist of fine-grained silicate materials mixed with ices composed of simple molecules such as H2O, NH3, CH4 as well as organics and/or more complex compounds. Because of the exposure to ionizing radiation from cosmic-ray, gamma-ray, and solar wind protons at low temperature, free radicals are expected to be formed and trapped in the solid ice matrices. The kind of trapped radical species together with their concentration and thermal stability can be used as a dosimeter as well as a geothermometer to determine thermal and radiation histories as well as outgassing and other possible alternation effects since the nucleus material was formed. Since free radicals that are known to contain unpaired electrons are all paramagnetic in nature, they can be readily detected and characterized in their native form by the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) method. In fact, ESR has been shown to be a non-destructive, highly sensitive tool for the detection and characterization of paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and radiation damage centers in terrestrial and extraterrestrial geological samples. The potential use of ESR as an effective method in the study of returned comet nucleus samples, in particular, in the analysis of fine-grained solid state icy samples is discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Workshop on Analysis of Returned Comet Nucleus Samples; p 77-78
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: Journal of Polymer Science, Part B - Polymer Physics (ISSN 0098-1273); 25; 855-881
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