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  • Astrophysics  (32)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (17)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of paddle impeller geometry on power input and mass transfer in small-scale animal cell culture vessels (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 1127-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Process scaleup for stirred-tank animal cell cultures such as suspension and microcarrier cultures often begins at the bench scale in small spinner vessels. In order to initiate process development under the proper conditions, it is essential to know the physical conditions under which the cells are grown. In this article, power inputs and surface oxygen transfer rates to culture medium in 500-mL Corning spinner vessels were determined as a function of the impeller geometry, impeller height, and agitation speed. The results obtained indicate that power dissipation dependency differs from literature correlations and may compromise scale up at constant power input from these vessels. These results are of general utility to researchers using small-scale vessels.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340902
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced flocculation of animal cells in suspension culture (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 34 (1989), S. 629-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recycle unit operations for suspension cell cultures may be improved by flocculation of the cells. A flocculant search was conducted, and it was found that where strongly cationic polymers were severly toxic to the cells, neutral and anionic polymers were nontoxic and ineffective at flocculating the cells. A weak and poorly soluble polycation, poly-L-histidine, was capable of flocculating cultures of CHO, HeLa, U-937, and CRL 1606 hybridoma cells with no toxicity to the majority of cells. In addition to the lowered acute toxicity, the polymer treatment left the cells in a growing state for recycle. Flocculation was found to be mediated by precipitates of the polymer. The low toxicity of poly-L-histidine is probably due to its low solubility and charge at physiological pH. Nonelectrostatic interactions may also play a role.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260340507
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary studies of the enhanced electrochemiluminescence of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene in the presence of specific metal ions (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: electrochemiluminescence ; metal ions ; 2,3-diaminonaphthalene ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of 200 ppm 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (2,3-DAN) was studied alone and in conjunction with 100 ppm of 34 different metal and non-metal ions and revealed three relatively intense ECL responses from interactions of 2,3-DAN with Au+, Fe+3 and V+5. ECL responses from Cr+6 or Ru+3 with 2,3-DAN were less intense, but noteworthy, as was the coloured fluorescent product of the non-metal ion Se+4 interaction with 2,3-DAN. Several intense 2,3-DAN-metal ion ECL reactions were studied in greater detail and revealed various titration curves with ionic detection limits in the low ppm range, using a fixed level (200 ppm) of 2,3-DAN. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic effects on BHK cells grown as suspended natural aggregates (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: aggregates ; BHK ; hydrodynamics ; Kolmogoroff's microscale theory of turbulence ; size control ; stirred vessels ; kidney cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell aggregates grown in stirred vessels with different working volumes and impeller sizes were characterized. Using batch cultures, the range of agitation rates studied (25-100 rpm) led to aggregates with maximum sizes of 150 μm. Necrotic centers were not observed and cell specific productivity was independent of aggregate size. High cell viability was found for both single and adherent cells without an increase in cell death when agitation rate was increased. The increase in agitation rate affected aggregates by reducing their size and increasing their concentration and cell concentration in aggregates, while increasing the fraction of free cells in suspension. The experimental relationship between aggregate size and power dissipation rate per unit of mass was close to -1/4, suggesting a correlation with a critical turbulence microscale; this was independent of vessel scale and impeller geometry over the range investigated. Viscous stresses in the viscous dissipation subrange (below Kolmogoroff eddies) appear to be responsible for aggregate breakage. Under intense agitation BHK cells grown in the absence of microcarriers existed as aggregates without cell damage, whereas cells grown on the surface of microcarriers were largely reduced. This is a clear advantage for scaleup purposes if aggregates are used as a natural immobilization system in stirred vessels. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large-scale production of murine bone marrow cells in an airlift packed bed bioreactor (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 514-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: bone marrow culture, murine ; airlift bioreactor ; hematopoiesis ; stromal cell ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Large-scale cultivation of murine bone marrow cells was accomplished in an airlift packed bed bioreactor system designed to mimic the in vivo bone marrow environment. The attachment-dependent stromal cell population, which provides the necessary microenvironment, including growth factors for subsequent hematopoietic activity, was first established within the bioreactor. This attachment-dependent cell growth occurred on the fiber-glass matrix packed in the annular region of the bioreactor. Once the stromal cell layer was established, fresh bone marrow cells were inoculated to initiate hematopoiesis. However, traditional culture medium was found to be inadequate for the initiation of hematopoiesis, but the use of stromal cell “conditioned” medium (with no exogenously added growth factors) yielded sustained cell production. The extent of stromal cell subculturing prior to inoculation into the bioreactor and the inoculation density were also important factors for the successful initiation of hematopoietic activity. A 500-mL perfusion culture experiment resulted in the production and harvest of 3.6 × 108 suspended bone marrow cells over the course of 11 weeks. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further characterization of tunicate and tunichrome electrochemiluminescence (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 12 (1997), S. 155-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: electrochemiluminescence ; tunicates ; tunichromes ; metal ions ; fluorescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) data obtained from the cell-rich perivisceral fluid (‘blood’) of the tunicate, Molgula occidentalis, suggests that a yellowish protein or protein subunit of 〈6.5 kDa is probably responsible for the low level intrinsic ECL reported previously. Variable potential ECL scans and spectrofluorometric analyses directly indicated that chlorophylls from ingested phytoplankton were not significant contaminants of M. occidentalis blood samples. Chlorophylls were also examined indirectly from monocultures of dinoflagellate and diatom species to determine their ECL levels. While ECL was observed in these cultures, high concentrations (106 organisms/mL) of dinoflagellates or diatoms were needed to produce ECL levels comparable to those observed for M. occidentalis blood. Additional work with two synthetic tunichrome isomers indicated 10-fold increases in ECL when the ‘2,3,4-tunichrome’ was reacted with Tl+ in 1:1 and 1:2 metal ion to ligand molar ratios. The ‘3,4,5-tunichrome’ isomer exhibited a titration curve with Hg2+ suggestive of the existence of at least two Hg2+ binding sites and a 9- to 10-fold increase in ECL output. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary electrochemiluminescence studies of metal ion-bacterial diazoluminomelanin (DALM) interactions (1998)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 13 (1998), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: electrochemiluminescence ; metals ; melanins ; luminol ; binding ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) studies of the chemiluminescent (CL) polymer diazoluminomelanin (DALM) biosynthesized in nitrate reductase transfected Escherichia coli JM109 bacteria revealed noteworthy anodic ECL and even more intense cathodic ECL. Bacterial DALM (BD) ECL was also assessed in the presence of 100 ppm of 33 different metal and non-metal ions which revealed specific anodic, but not cathodic, enhancements of BD ECL with Ag+, Hg2+ and Ru3+. The precursors and intermediate polymers which comprise DALM, such as luminol, 3-amino-L-tyrosine (3-AT), aminomelanin (AM) and diazomelanin (DM) were screened for ECL enhancement against the same set of elemental ions. Significant anodic ECL enhancements were observed for luminol with Hg2+ in the presence of tripropylamine (TPA), but not for any other DALM component in combination with other elemental ions, either anodically or cathodically. Comparison of BD with luminol in the presence and absence of TPA and Hg2+ revealed very different ECL activity patterns and suggested different mechanisms for BD and luminol ECL. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of PCR product detection and quantitation by electrochemiluminescence and fluorescence (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 10 (1995), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Electrochemiluminescence ; magnetic separation ; DNA probes ; PCR ; quantitation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amplification and detection of target DNA sequences are made possible in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by using a mixture of biotinylated and ruthenium(II) trisbipyridal (Ru(bpy)32+)-end-labelled primers. In this way, biotin for capture and Ru(bpy)32+ for detection are directly incorporated into the PCR product obviating subsequent probe hybridization. PCR of a bacterial DNA template from Alteromonas species strain JD6.5 using a cocktail of biotin- and Ru(bpy)32+-labelled primers amplified a 1 kilobase region. Serial dilution of PCR product followed by magnetic separation with Streptavidin (SA)-coated magnetic beads and an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay using the semi-automated QPCR System 5000 demonstrated sensitive (pg range) DNA detection. ECL assay of probe hybridization to a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sequence also produced pg level sensitivity. Quantitative DNA determination by ECL assay correlated well with visual detection of DNA in electrophoretic gels. However, DNA detection by ECL assay was 10 to 100 times more sensitive than conventional ethidium bromide staining. The combination of DNA-based magnetic separation with ECL assay provides a very sensitive and rapid method of quantitating DNA which, owing to its rapid and facile nature, may have many applications in the research, environmental monitoring, industrial and clinical fields.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170100407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implementation and application of a method to quantitate 2-D gel electrophoresis patternsPresented at the Second International Argonne-Mayo Symposium on Technical Advances in Two-dimensional Electrophoresis and Clinical Applications, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, August 29 to September 1, 1982 (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 4 (1983), S. 82-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe a system for accurate photometry and analysis of two-dimensional (2-D) gels, and its application to both high and low resolution gels. Image acquisition is video-based and includes methods of data correction necessary for accurate photometry. The analysis is based upon a method described previously by Lutin et al. [8], which we have modified for improved stability and adapted to run on our PDP 11/60 computer. We illustrate analysis of a typical gel with a sequence of images showing the data while Gaussian components are estimated, removed, added and fitted as the iterative algorithm proceeds. We conclude by demonstrating the use of a mathematical curve-of-growth model for calibrating peak volumes vs. protein loading.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150040111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary evaluation of typing commonly occurring human erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) phenotypes in bloodstains, using the LKB Immobiline system (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 5 (1984), S. 162-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A preliminary study has been made of the use of immobilised pH gradients (Immobiline gels) for the separation of the six commonly occurring erythrocyte acid phosphatase (ACP1) phenotypes in blood lysates and stains. These pH gradients are immobilised in the matrix of the polyacrylamide gel and possess different properties from conventional isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels. A comparison was made between the profile of the ACP1 isoenzymes apparent on conventional IEF gels with that seen on the Immobiline gels.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150050308
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