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  • 1
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    BATSE observations of bremsstrahlung from electron precipitation events (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The BATSE on-board burst system has been triggered by over 400 terrestrial electron precipitation events. These are the single largest cause of false triggers. Bremsstrahlung is generated as the precipitating electrons interact in the Earth's atmosphere, or in the spacecraft, and this radiation is detected by the Large Area Detectors, often triggering the instrument into burst mode. Several examples of such events are presented here, and the different classes of events are described. A possible correlation of events to strong magnetospheric activity is presented, and the association of a sub-set of events to a powerful VLF transmitter on the western coast of Australia is described.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: In: Gamma-ray bursts; Proceedings of the Workshop, Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville, Oct. 16-18, 1991 (A93-40051 16-93); p. 373-377.
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  • 2
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    BATSE as an all-sky monitor for INTEGRAL (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: It is proposed to use data from the burst and transient source experiment (BATSE) onboard the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) as a sensitive, rapid, all sky monitor for the International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL). The all sky earth occultation monitoring and imaging capabilities of BATSE will complement and extend the Galactic plane scans of INTEGRAL as well as provide high latitude Galactic coverage which is inaccessible to INTEGRAL. Examples of transients previously observed by BATSE, its sensitivity, and the response time for these observations are described. Examples of the variability of several of the brighter sources observed by BATSE are shown.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Proceedings of 2nd INTEGRAL Workshop 'The Transparent Universe'; 537-540; ESA-SP-382
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  • 3
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    Observations of reduced ozone concentrations in the tropical stratosphere after the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two independent sets of data, one of aerosols from an airborne lidar system, and one of ozone from ozonesonde measurements indicate that significant ozone decreases may have happened as a result of the injection of debris by the Mt. Pinatubo volcano in June 1991. The amount of this reduction maximizes at 24-25 km, near the peak of the aerosol distribution, though a deficit is seen throughout the lower stratosphere between 19 and 28 km. The greatest differences observed prior and subsequent to the eruptions at these altitudes is 18-20 percent.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 11, J
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  • 4
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    Observation of Be-7 on the surface of LDEF spacecraft (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Significant quantities of Be-7 have been found on the leading edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), which was returned to earth after almost six years in space. Although the absolute atmospheric concentration of Be-7 needed to explain this detection is extremely small, its concentration at LDEF's altitude must be several orders of magnitude higher than in the stratosphere below, where it is produced by cosmic-ray reactions with atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen nuclei. The detection may lead to the use of Be-7 as an exoatmospheric tracer as well as to studies of surface interactions in space.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 349; 678-680
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  • 5
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    Distribution of total ozone and stratospheric ozone in the tropics - Implications for the distribution of tropospheric ozone (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Climatologies of total columnar ozone and integrated stratospheric ozone amounts at low latitudes (15 deg N to 15 deg S), derived from satellite observations, are presented. A significant longitudinal variability in total ozone is present, with highest values generally located between 60 deg W and 60 deg E. The integrated stratospheric component of total ozone, on the other hand, does not exhibit a longitudinal preference for high values. Therefore it is hypothesized that the climatological longitudinal distribution of total ozone reflects the variability of the abundance of tropospheric ozone at low latitudes. Furthermore, it is speculated that in situ photochemical production of ozone resulting from biomass burning may be responsible for the observed enhancement of total ozone at these longitudes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 6627-663
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  • 6
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    Use of satellite data to study tropospheric ozone in the tropics (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Three independent examples are discussed which suggest that photochemical ozone production in the troposphere can be observed in the tropics from an analysis of total ozone data. The first finding shows that the seasonal cycle of total columnar ozone is dominated by the seasonal cycle of tropospheric ozone, even though tropospheric ozone accounts for only 5-15 percent of the total ozone. Second, a case study is presented which shows that enhanced total ozone observed over the Amazon Basin can be associated with the presence of biomass burning. In situ measurements have confirmed that biomass burning does result in the production of photochemically generated ozone, analogous to the formation of 'smog' near industrialized areas. Third, an analysis of the distribution of carbon monoxide obtained from a Space Shuttle platform is strongly correlated with the concurrent distribution of total ozone between 5 deg S and 10 deg N. Because all of the sources of carbon monoxide are located in the troposphere, this finding likewise suggests that the gradients of total ozone at low latitudes must also reflect processes occurring in the troposphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 14451-14
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  • 7
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    Observation of an ionospheric disturbance caused by a gamma-ray burst (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A first observation of an ionospheric disturbance from a gamma-ray burst is reported. The burst, GB30801, occurred at 22:14:18 UT on August 1, 1983, and was one of the strongest ever observed. The total fluence was 0.002 erg/sq cm, most of which occurred in the first 4 s of the burst. Simultaneously, a change was observed in the amplitude of a VLF radio signal from a transmitter in Rugby, England indicative of an ionospheric disturbance. Weaker disturbances were also recorded at the same receiving site on signals from VLF stations in Annapolis, Maryland and Lualualei, Hawaii. The times of the burst and the disturbances are coincident within the 10-s resolution of the VLF recording system. No similar disturbances were observed within 60 hr around the time of the burst. In the future, a network of VLF burst monitors may provide measurements of the total ionizing energy fluence from a burst, as well as some limited directional information.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 331; 418-420
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  • 8
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    OH measurement near the intertropical convergence zone in the Pacific (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Airborne measurements of OH were made near the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Pacific, and the averaged results for each data run were compared with those calculated from a photochemical model. The measured OH concentrations were found to vary along the flight path. Possible causes for the observed variations are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2020-202
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  • 9
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    Vertical profiles of ozone, carbon monoxide, and dew-point temperature obtained during GTE/CITE 1, October-November 1983 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A set of 14 pairs of vertical profiles of ozone and carbon monoxide, obtained with fast-response instrumentation, is presented. Most of these profiles, which were measured in the remote troposphere, also have supporting fast-response dew-point temperature profiles. The data suggest that the continental boundary layer is a source of tropospheric ozone, even in October and November, when photochemical activity should be rather small. In general, the small-scale vertical variability between CO and O3 is in phase. At low latitudes this relationship defines levels in the atmosphere where midlatitude air is being transported to lower latitudes, since lower dew-point temperatures accompany these higher CO and O3 concentrations. A set of profiles which is suggestive of interhemispheric transport is also presented. Independent meteorological analyses support these interpretations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 2083-209
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  • 10
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    A one-dimensional photochemical model of the troposphere with planetary boundary-layer parameterization (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A time-dependent, one-dimensional photochemical model of the troposphere is used to describe the vertical distribution of atmospheric trace constituents for summer-time conditions at midlatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The model incorporates a planetary boundary layer (PBL) parametrization and a detailed chemical mechanism that includes the photochemistry of important nonmethane hydrocarbon species formed during the oxidation process. One result of the parametrized PBL is that the concentrations of some trace species in the free troposphere are 20-30 percent higher than when mixing processes are described by a vertical eddy diffusion coefficient which is held constant with respect to height and time. The lifetime of the oxides of nitrogen against photochemical conversion to nitric acid during summertime conditions is on the order of six hours. This lifetime is short enough to deplete most of the NO(x) in the PBL so that other reactive nitrogen species are more abundant than NO(x) throughout the free troposphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry (ISSN 0167-7764); 1; 4, 19
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