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  • 1
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    A cooled telescope for infrared balloon astronomy (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The characteristics of a 16 inch liquid helium cooled Cassegrain telescope with vibrating secondary mirror are discussed. The telescope is used in making far infrared astronomical observations. The system houses several different detectors for multicolor photometry. The cooled telescope has a ten to one increase in signal-to-noise ratio over a similar warm version and is installed in a high altitude balloon gondola to obtain data on the H2 region of the galaxy.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Telescope Systems for Balloon-Borne Res.; p 81-90
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  • 2
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    The 157 Micron (C II) Luminosity of the Galaxy (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: The diffuse far infrared (C II) emission of several regions of the Galactic plane were sampled. Mechanisms for the excitation of carbon ions are discussed in reference to the role of carbon ion transitions in cooling diffuse atomic hydrogen. Observations indicate that the C II emission probably arises at the edges of giant molecular clouds and appears to have localized knot-like features. The total C II luminosity of the Galaxy is approximately 6 to 10 to the 7th power L(solar).
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Airborne Astron. Symp.; p 260-265
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    A Far Infrared Echelle Spectrometer for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-18
    Description: A liquid-helium-cooled grating spectrometer (CGS) is being developed as a facility instrument for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), primarily to study for infrared lines originating in the interstellar medium. A maximum resolving power of approximately 6000 is achieved by means of a 45 cm long Echelle grating and is optically capable of operating in the spectral range from 25 to 300 microns. An array of detectors is used to simultaneously measure a line and the adjacent continuum from astronomical sources. Currently six detectors allow measurements in the 30 to 120 micron spectral band. The instrument, its operation, and its performance are described.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Airborne Astron. Symp.; p 313-319
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  • 4
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    Submillimeter observations of OH and CH in M42 (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The (sup 2) pi sub 1/2 (J = 3/2 to 1/2) transitions of OH at 163.12 and 163.40 micro m have been detected and upper limits have been obtained for the (sup 2) pi sub 3/2 (J = 3/2 to 1/2) transitions of CH at 149.09 and 149.39 micro m, in observations of the Kleinmann-Low Nebula of Orion. All four flux levels lie between 1 and 1.2 x 10 to the 17th power/sq.cm. The OH lines are bright when compared to the lower, (sup 2) pi sub 3/2 (J = 5/2 to 3/2) fluxes reported and imply that the 119 micro m emission observed is partially self-absorbed. The combined results provide strong constraints. Taken together with existing data on molecular hydrogen and CO and recent data on other OH transition, they suggest OH emission from post-shock regions at temperatures T approx 1000 k, densities approx. 7 x 10 to the 6th powr/cu cm N sub OH approx 80/cu cm optically thick for the (sup 2) pi sub 3/2 (J = 5/2 to 3/2), 119 micro m but only partially self-absorbing in the (J = 7/2 to 3/2), 84 micro m transitions over a Doppler velocity bandwidth of 30 km/sec. The OH column density is N sub OH approx 4 x 10 to the 16th powr/sq cm. in the emitting regions which occupy a fraction of approx 0.1 of a 1' x 1' field of view centered on the Becklin-Neugebauer source. The CO (J = 31 to 30), 84 micro m transition appears to lie sufficiently close to one of the 84 micro m OH line components to be partially absorbed as well, through a Bowen-type mechanism.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-86723 , REPT-85224 , NAS 1.15:86723 , PP-SER-32
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  • 5
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    Observations of far-infrared transitions between excited states of OH (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In observations of the Kleinmann-Low Nebula were detected of Orion 84.42 and 84.60 micron transitions between the P-2 sub 3/2 and Pi-2 sub 3/2 (J = 5/2) levels of OH with respective fluxes of 1.0 + or - 0.3 to the minus 17th power and 1.4 + or - 0.4 x 10 to the minus 17th power W cm/sq. When compared to 119 micron flux levels of OH and 153 micron flux levels of these radicals by Viscuso, these results suggest appreciable self-absorption of OH line radiation within the Nebula. It is probable that the CO emission due to the J = 31 yields 30 rotational transition at 84.411 micron makes a substantial contribution to the observed 84.42 micron flux, and that it also is at least partially absorbed at the 84.42 micron OH transition frequency. The 88.55 and 88.78 micron (J = 9/2 to 7/2) transitions of CH also were sought, but yielded only to upper limits of 3 x 10 to the minus 18th power W /sq cm each. A search of W3-IRS5 yields upper limits to the 84.42 micron OH and 87.19 micron CO (J = 30 to 29) transitions of 2 x 10 minus 18th power W cm/2.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-86722 , REPT-85223 , NAS 1.15:86722
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  • 6
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    The galaxy's 157 micron (C II) emission - Observations by means of a spectroscopic lunar occultation technique (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Galactic (C II) 157 micron, fine-structure emission was estimated. At a Galactic longitude of 8 deg, the peak power observed in a 7' x 7' field is approx. 5 x 10 to the -9 Watt. The method used to detect this radiation involved chopping against the cold side of the Moon. Previously announced in STAR as N83-24437
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 268; May 15
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Far-infrared emission line and continuum observations of NGC 7027 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The first observation of a fine-structure transition in NGC 7027 at wavelengths greater than 30 microns is reported. The flux in the 63.2-micron line is found to be approximately 10 to the -16th W/sq cm. It is noted that if NGC 7027 lies at 1 kpc, this corresponds to a luminosity, in the line, approximately 30 times greater than the solar luminosity. The flux of the 88.35-micron line is less than 10 to the -17th W/sq cm, and the upper limit to the line flux at 51.8 microns is found to be 10 to the -16th W/sq cm. These upper limits imply an electron density that is less than 1.6 x 10 to the 5th/cu cm. It is noted that the continuum measurements obtained support a dust temperature of 90 K with an emissivity approximately equal to the reciprocal of the square of the wavelength. The data exclude grain materials whose wavelength-dependent emissivity (the reciprocal of the wavelength raised to nth power) requires n to be outside the range between 1.6 and 2, unless the temperature varies drastically across the dust cloud
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 243
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Highly ejected J = 16 to 15 rotational transitions of CO at 162.8 mirons in the Orion cloud (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The first observations of the J = 16 to J = 15, 162.8 microns transition of CO from an astronomical source are reported. Measurements were carried out on the Kleinmann-Low Nebula. The intensity observed is in good agreement with predictions from previous spectroscopic work carried out in the far infrared. The observation strengthens the previous claim that approximately 1.5 solar mass of molecular hydrogen is heated to a temperature above 750 K within the shocked region in the Nebula. Upper limits to he OH intensity in the F2 (2Pi 1/2) transitions J = 3/2 to J = 1/2 which fall into two groups centered respectively at 163.12 and 163.40 are presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-TM-84321 , A-9214 , NAS 1.15:84321
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  • 9
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    Far infrared polarization of the Kleinmann-Low Nebula in Orion (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Elongated dust grains aligned by local magnetic fields are though to absorb background radiation and produce linear and circular polarization which exhibit strong wavelength dependence in the near infrared. The NASA Kuiper observatory 91 cm infrared telescope was used to observe polarization characteristics of the Kleinmann-Low nebula in four far infrared wavelength bands in order to detect emission from these same oriented grains at longer wavelengths, and determine whether this radiation shows a direction of polarization perpendicular to that seen in the near infrared. The polarization, if any, that characterized the radiation in the three longest wavelength filter positions (28-48 micron, 44-72 micron, and 70-115 micron) is small. The noisiest measurements were obtained in the 16-33 micron filter position. Possible explanations for the low polarization observed at long wavelengths are explored.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-157307 , CRSR-695
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  • 10
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    A Multi-Band Far-Infrared Survey with a Balloon-Borne Telescope (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Nine additional radiation sources, above a 3-sigma confidence level of 1300 Jy, were identified at 100 microns by far infrared photometry of the galactic plane using a 0.4 meter aperture, liquid helium cooled, multichannel far infrared balloon-borne telescope. The instrument is described, including its electronics, pointing and suspension systems, and ground support equipment. Testing procedures and flight staging are discussed along with the reduction and analysis of the data acquired. The history of infrared astronomy is reviewed. General infrared techniques and the concerns of balloon astronomers are explored.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-155737 , CRSR-685 , CRSR-673
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