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  • 1
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    Infrared observations of small solar-system bodies (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Observations of Europa using the Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer have resulted in the discovery of new absorption features in the spectrum of the trailing side of Europa which have been attributed to either magnetospherically implanted sulfur compounds or recently emplaced hydrates of ammonia. More observations are planned to determine which of these two classes of compounds are responsible. Two asteroid occultations have been observed so far, but with some negative results (the occultations paths shifted sufficiently that the groups responsible for timing the visual occultation got no data). High-quality data in the thermal infrared were obtained nevertheless; those data are useful for constraint of thermal models of asteroids and will be analyzed in that context. Work was completed to perfect a computer code that will fit a triaxial-ellipsoid thermal model to the IR data while constrained by the visual lightcurve.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 78-79
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  • 2
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    The evolution of the infrared emission from the Type II supernova 1980k in NGC 6946 - The dust formation model (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The paper presents 1-4 micron photometry of supernova 1980 k in NGC 6946 obtained over a period of 1 year following the outburst. During the period between 1980 November 1 and December 19, the infrared emission probably originated from the extended atmosphere of the expanding star. The JHKL colors and a 1.3-2.6-micron spectrum observed during this period correspond to those of a blackbody with an average temperature of about 5000 K. Observations around 1981 May 31 showed that the supernova developed an infrared excess after 1980 December. This infrared excess persisted through 1981 October and is consistent with the appearance of thermal emission from about 700 to 900 K dust in addition to a hotter photosphere. The similarity of this behavior to that of the infrared evolution of some novae suggests that dust formation may be occurring in the supernova ejecta. The hypothesis, that the emission arises from preexisting grains in a circumstellar shell which are heated by the supernova outburst, is also consistent with the data.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 274; 168-174
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  • 3
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    IR-dust observations of Comet Tempel 2 with CRAF VIMS (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Measurement strategies are now being planned for using the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) to observe the asteroid Hestia, and the nucleus, and the gas and dust in the coma of comet P/Tempel 2 as part of the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby (CRAF) mission. The spectral range of VIMS will cover wavelengths from 0.35 to 5.2 micrometers, with a spectral resolution of 11 nm from 0.35 to 2.4 micrometers and of 22 nm from 2.4 to 5.2 micrometers. The instantaneous field of view (IFOV) provided by the foreoptics is 0.5 milliradians, and the current design of the instrument provides for a scanning secondary mirror which will scan a swath of length 72 IFOVs. The CRAF high resolution scan platform motion will permit slewing VIMS in a direction perpendicular to the swath. This enables the building of a two dimensional image in any or all wavelength channels. Important measurements of the dust coma will include the onset of early coma activity, the mapping of gas and dust jets and correlations with active nucleus areas, observations of the dust coma from various scattering phase angles, coverage of the low wavelength portion of the thermal radiation, and the 3.4 micrometer hydrocarbon emission. A description of the VIMS instrument is presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington, Infrared Observations of Comets Halley and Wilson and Properties of the Grains; p 136
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  • 4
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    Infrared observations of small solar system bodies (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Infrared reflectance spectra were measured of dark primitive asteroids in the 2 to 5 micron wavelength region. The search was for organic complexes such and CN, CH, and NH in dark material on small bodies in the solar system. A search and study was made of volatiles such as nitrogen, methane, ammonia, and carbon monoxide, both as free ices and hydrates/clathrates, on icy surfaces in the outer solar system, using high resolution spectra obtained with a multichannel cooled grating, infrared spectrometer. An absorption that can be attributed to X-C (triple bond) N in the matrix of dark materials on the primitive asteroids.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1991; p 21-22
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  • 5
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    Infrared observations of small solar-system bodies (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A major accomplishment during last year is the recongition of and modeling of the solid-state greenhouse effect for icy satellites. Recent observations of eclipse reappearances suggest that this effect may in fact be observed on Europa and Ganymede. Also the PI has obtained important new data on Europa and Enceladus. Evidence for the transient presence of a volatile, perhaps NH3, OH, on Europa has been obtained. Newly obtained spectra of Enceladus suggest that it does not at present have ammonia or methane in detectable quantities on its surface.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Astronomy,; p 25
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  • 6
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    Detection of solid C(triple bond)N bearing materials on solar system bodies (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: We found observational evidence for the presence of C(triple bond)N-bearing solid materials on four classes of Solar System bodies: comets, asteroids, the rings of Uranus, and Saturn's satellite Iapetus. Gaseous CN was known in comet spectra, and the IR spectra of Comet P/Halley show emission of the CN fundamental at 4.5 microns interpreted as solids containing CN- group in the grains of the inner coma. The presented data offer the first evidence for chemically related material on the other objects.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1991; p 155
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  • 7
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    Saturn's satellites - Near-infrared spectrophotometry (0.65-2.5 microns) of the leading and trailing sides and compositional implications (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Water ice absorptions at 2.0, 1.5, and 1.25 microns are noted in near-IR spectra of Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Iapetus, and Hyperion, and the weak 1.04-micron ice absorption, which is detected for Rhea and Dione, is studied to establish band depth upper limits. The leading-trailing side 1.04-micron ice band depth differences on Saturn's satellites are similar to those for the Galilean satellites, indicating possible surface modification by magnetospheric charged particle bombardment. Limits are obtained for the amounts of particulates, trapped gases, and ammonium hydroxide on the surface. With the exception of the dark side of Iapetus, the surfaces of all of Saturn's satellites are nearly pure ice water.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 58; 265-281
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  • 8
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    The nucleus of comet P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The thermal flux in the 20-micron Q filter band of comet P/Schwassmann-Wachman was measured some 77 days after the most recent previous eruption, and when the visual magnitude was abut 17.6. Considerations of the eruptive history of the comet, and in particular its tendency to fade to a minimum threshold brightness level between eruption, suggest that the measurement refers to an essentially bare nucleus. Using the standard photometric/radiometric technique for calculating the diameters and geometric albedos of asteroids and planetary satellites, and the assumption that the bare nucleus is measured, it is found that the diameter of the nucleus is 40 + or - 5 km, and the geometric albedo is 0.13 + or - 0.04.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 56; 377-380
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  • 9
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    Diameters and albedos of thirty-six asteroids (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Radiometric diameters and albedos of 36 asteroids, most previously unmeasured by this technique, are reported. These objects were selected primarily to resolve taxonomic ambiguities resulting from the lack of albedo information. Of the sample of 36, most are of the common types C, S, and M, but also represented are types A, D, F, and P. One object, 214 Aschera, is of the rare E type (only the fourth of its kind known); 87 Sylvia is the largest known member of the P class. Albedo and Arizona eight-color data from Tholen (1983) indicate that 336 Lacadiera is of type D, one of the few members of this class found in the main asteroid belt and a prime candidate for future space missions.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 59; 20-24
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  • 10
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    Nitrogen on Triton (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The tentative identification of liquid nitrogen as the source of the 2.16-micron absorption band in the spectrum of Triton has suggested a surface model in which nitrogen, together with the previously identified methane, occur in some kind of chemical association. Water frost may be another surface chemistry component, and dark, photochemically-produced particles occur as a minor contaminant of the ices or liquid. Temperature is noted to be a critical factor in the surface model, because the calculated subsolar surface temperature of Triton lies near nitrogen's melting-freezing temperature. The present modeling of Triton suggests nitrogen's occurrence in the form of fine grains.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 58; 293-305
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