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  • ASTRONOMY  (95)
  • Chemistry  (30)
  • Crustal deformation (cf. Earthquake precursor: deformation or strain)  (18)
  • Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational properties of 2,3-methanopyroglutamic acid in peptides: Nmr and X-ray diffraction studies (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 28 (1989), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of replacing L-pyroglutamic acid with the cyclopropane analogue 2,3-methanopyroglutamic acid (2,3-MeGlp) on conformation and enzymatic stability have been investigated in 2,3-MeGlp-NHMe and the novel thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analogue [2,3-MeGlp1]-TRH by x-ray diffraction and nmr. While 2,3-MeGlp-NHMe adopts a folded conformation (small ψ angle) in the solid state, several conformations are available to the molecule in solution. 1H-nmr of the diastereomeric mixture [(±)-2,3-MeGlp1]-TRH indicates a close orientation of the pyrrolidone and imidazole rings. The 2,3-MeGlp-His amide bond is considerably more stable to pyroglutamate aminopeptidase than the Glp-His bond in TRH.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360280114
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal complexes of poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide), poly(4-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) and 2,2′-trimethylenedipyridine 1-oxide (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 177 (1976), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly(2-vinylpyridin-1-oxid) (3), Poly(4-vinylpyridin-1-oxid) (4) und 2,2′-Trimethylendipyridin-1-oxid (2) geben Komplexe mit Kupfer(II)-, Zink-, Quecksilber(II)-, Eisen(III)-, Nickel(II)- und Kobalt(II)-Salzen. Aus sterischen Gründen bildet 4 zwei Serien von Komplexen vom Typ 6 und 7 durch intermolekulare oder intramolekulare Vernetzungen, in welchen das Verhältnis NO/Metall = 2:1 (Typ 6) oder 1:1 (Typ 7) ist, im Gegensatz zu 3 und seiner Modell-Verbindung 2, die nur intramolekulare 2:1-Komplexe vom Typ 5 bilden können.
    Notes: Poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) (3), poly(4-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) (4), and the dimeric analogue 2,2′-trimethylenedipyridine 1-oxide (2) form metal complexes with chlorides of copper(II), zinc, mercury(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) salts. Due to steric reasons 4 forms two series (type 6 and 7) of complexes by intramolecular or intermolecular crosslinking in which the ratio NO/metal is 2:1 (type 6) or 1:1 (type 7), whereas 3 and its model compound 2 can form only intramolecular 2:1 complexes of type 5.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1976.021770201
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(2-vinylquinoline 1-oxide) and some methyl derivatives: Synthesis and viscometric studies (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 749-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Synthesen von Poly[1-(1-oxy-2-chinolyl)äthylen] [Poly(2-vinylchinolin 1-oxid)] (1a) und verschiedener Methylderivate (1b - f) werden beschrieben. Einige dieser Polymere sind in Wasser unlöslich, jedoch löslich in wäßrigem Aceton bei verschiedenen pH-Werten. Polymere, die eine Methylgruppe in Stellung 4 besitzen, sind in wäßrigem Aceton bei pH 〈 4 löslich. Ihre Viskosität steigt mit abnehmendem pH steil an. Polymere ohne Methylsubstituenten in 4-Stellung sind in wäßrigem Aceton bei pH 〉 6 löslich; die Veränderung der Viskosität mit dem pH-Wert ist gering.
    Notes: The syntheses of poly[1-(1-oxy-2-quinolyl)ethylene] [poly(2-vinylquinoline 1-oxide)] (1a) and of a number of methyl derivatives (1b - f) are described. Some of the polymers are insoluble in water but soluble in aqueous acetone at several pH values. Those polymers that have a methyl substituent in position 4 are soluble in aqueous acetone below pH 〈 4 and the viscosity rises steeply with decreasing pH. Polymers with no methyl substituent in position 4 are soluble in aqueous acetone at pH 〉 6 and the viscosity varies but little with the pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1974.021750305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal complexes of alkyl substituted poly(vinylpyridine 1-oxide)s and of poly (dimethylaminostyrene N-oxide)s (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 329-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Three alkyl derivatives (3, 4, and 5) of poly[1-(N-oxo-pyridyl)ethylene]s (poly(vinylpyridine 1-oxide)s) give complexes with some or all chlorides of copper (II), zinc, mercury(II), iron(III), and cobalt(II), in which all the N-oxide groups are coordinated with metal, the mole ratio NO/metal being 2:1. The three poly[(N-oxo-dimethylamino)phenylethylene]s (poly(dimethylaminostyrene N-oxide)s) (6, 7, and 8) give complexes with copper(II), mercury(II), and iron(III) chlorides but, even when an excess of metal chloride is available, some N-oxide groups do not coordinate with metal as shown by IR absorption data. The degree of coordination is 0,5 for complexes of 6, but it is 0,4 for the complexes of 7 and 0,33 for the complexes of 8.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1977.021780204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential antiradiation polymers, 1. Isothiouronium salts, thiosulphates and dithiocarbamates (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 176 (1975), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden Polymere dargestellt, die Isothiouronium-, Thiosulfat- oder Dithiocarbamat-Reste enthalten, wie sie auch in bekannten niedermolekularen Strahlenschutzverbindungen vorkommen. Durch Copolymerisation eines Monomers, das eine Strahlenschutz-Gruppe enthält, mit 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon oder Acrylsäure, werden wasserlösliche Polymere gebildet. Polymere mit Isothiouronium-Resten wurden direkt aus einem Isothiouronium-Äthylenderivat und 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon erhalten sowie durch Reaktion von Thioharnstoff mit einem Halogen enthaltenden polymeren Zwischenprodukt. Polymere, die Thiosulfatoder Dithiocarbamat-Gruppen enthalten, wurden durch Copolymerisation eines geeigneten Monomers mit 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon dargestellt. Die Molekulargewichte, die von drei der Copolymeren bestimmt wurden (GPC), überschritten nicht den Wert von 12000. Vorläufige Tests mit Mäusen zeigten, daß Poly[S-(2-acryloylaminoäthyl)isothiouroniumchlorid-co-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon] (4b) und Poly(N,N-diäthyl-S-vinyldithiocarbamat-co-acrylsäure) (6) eine gewisse Strahlenschutz-Aktivität aufweisen.
    Notes: Polymers were synthesized that contain isothiouronium, thiosulphate or dithiocarbamate residues, which occur in known radioprotectors of low molecular weight. By copolymerizing a monomer containing the radioprotective residue with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone or acrylic acid, polymers were formed that were soluble in water. Polymers containing isothiouronium residues were obtained directly from an ethylenic isothiouronium salt and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and by the reaction of an intermediate halogen-containing polymer with thiourea. Polymers containing thiosulphate or dithiocarbamate residues were obtained by copolymerization of the appropriate monomer with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. Molecular weights (GPC), determined for three of the copolymers, did not exceed 12000. In preliminary tests in mice, poly[S-(2-acryloylaminoethyl)isothiouronium chlorideco-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone] (4b) and poly(N,N-diethyl S-vinyldithiocarbamate-co-acrylic acid) (6) showed some radioprotective activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1975.021760203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the adiabatic polymerisation of acrylamideThe studies reported here formed part of a paper given at Achema 82 Chemical Engineering Congress, Frankfurt-am-Main. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 1885-1892 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Kinetic parameters, obtained isothermally, have been used in the quantitative description of the polymerisation of acrylamide under virtually adiabatic conditions. The equations which have been derived relate the temperature rise on reaction to the decrease in reactant concentration during the course of reaction, taking account of the various energies of activation and frequency factors involved, whose values may be chosen as required. The approach used has been to find the value of the overall activation energy which gives the best agreement between theoretical and experimental temperature-time plots. Good agreement has been obtained between these when a value of 74,5 ± 0,9 kJ · mol-1 was chosen for the overall activation energy for the persulfate-initiated polymerisation of acrylamide using a wide range of initiator and monomer concentrations. This gives a value of 135,5 kJ · mol-1 for the activation energy for the thermal decomposition of the persulfate ion, which is in good agreement with the literature. Interesting implications are discussed in the context of the nature of the product formed during the course of the polymerisation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840914
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extensional flow of poly(methyl methacrylate) and high-impact polystyrene at thermoforming temperatures (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1209-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The work described in the present paper was performed to establish stress-strain-time relationships at plastic sheet thermoforming temperatures. The relationships are correlated with sheet-forming “formability”. Specimens of poly(methyl methacrylate) at 165°C and high-impact polystyrene at 122°C were extended to large strains at constant cross-head velocities. Initial strain rates were between 4.2 × 10-3/sec and 1.6 × 10-1/sec. It was found that the flow stress σ was related to the true strain ε and the elapsed time t by a relation σ = Ktm′εn, where K is a constant and n and m′ are indices. The value of n for both materials was approximately one. The value of m′ was -0.052 and -0.33 for poly(methyl methacrylate) and high-impact polystyrene, respectively. Tests were also performed in which the cross-head velocity was increased in steps. It was found that the flow stress in these tests followed the same relationship as in the constant cross-head velocity tests.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190501
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indium I. Nachweis und Abschätzung des Indiums durch das Bogenspektrum (1930)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 192 (1930), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ein kurzes Verfahren der Bogenspektrographie wird mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19301920105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Darstellung von Phosphonium- und Ammoniumjodid und die Wirkung der Hitze auf diese Stoffe (1913)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 82 (1913), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19130820121
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The large-scale immobilization of Penicillium chrysogenum: Batch and continuous operation in an air-lift reactor (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 36 (1990), S. 763-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A temperature-sensitive cell division cycle mutant of Penicillium chrysogenum P2 has been immobilized on Celite and grown in a 250-320-L working volume air-lift fermenter. The ability to uncouple growth and penicillin synthesis by raising the temperature to 30 °C also overcame the problem of the free cell mass which appeared after 300 h operation with the parent organism. After 500 h operation, penicillin and ACV dimer were still being synthesized.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260360802
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