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  • MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES  (12)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (10)
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS  (6)
  • AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER  (3)
  • 1
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    Elliptical-P cells in the avian perilymphatic interface of the Tegmentum vasculosum (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Elliptical cells (E-P) are present at the perilymphatic interface lumen (PIL) of the lagena. The E-P cells often separate from the tegmentum vasculosum (TV) and have touching processes that form a monolayer between the K+ rich perilymph and the Na+ rich endolymph, similar to the mammalian Reissner's membrane. We examined the TV of chicks (Gallus domesticus) and quantitated the expression of anti-S100 alphaalphabetabeta and S100 beta. There was a 30% increase of S100 beta saturation in the light cells facing the PIL when compared to other TV light cells. We show that: (1) the dimer anti- S100 alphaalphabetabeta and the monomer anti-S100 beta are expressed preferentially in the light cells and the E-P cells of TV; (2) expression of S100 beta is higher in light cells facing the PIL than in adjacent cells; (3) the expression of the dimer S100 alphaalphabetabeta and monomer S100 beta overlaps in most inner ear cell types, including the cells of the TV, most S100 alphaalphabetabeta positive cells express S 100 beta, but S100 beta positive cells do not always express S100 alphaalphabetabeta; and (4) the S100 beta expression in light cells, the abundant Na+-K+ ATPase on dark cells of the TV, and previously demonstrated co-localization of S100 beta/GABA in sensory cells suggest that S100 beta could have, in the inner ear, a dual neurotrophic-ionic modulating function.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Scanning microscopy (ISSN 0891-7035); Volume 9; 4; 1207-21; discussion 1221-2
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  • 2
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    Post-embedding tem signal-to-noise ratio of S-100 (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We assessed the reactivity of purified S-100 antiserum in immuno-electron microscopy by counting the number of gold particles per microns 2 over inner ear tissues embedded in different media. Sections containing predominantly Schwann's cell cytoplasm and nucleus, afferent fiber axoplasm and myelin sheath of chick cochleae were reacted with anti-S-100 IgG, an antibody to a calcium binding protein of neuronal tissues, then labeled with anti-IgG-gold conjugate. This investigation was conducted because previously published procedures, unmodified, did not yield acceptable results. Preparation of all specimens was identical. Only the medium (PolyBed 812, Araldite or Spurr epoxies; and LR White, LR Gold or Lowicryl plastics) was changed. The medium was made the changing variable because antigens available in post-embedding immuno-electron microscopy are decreased by heat, either used and/or released during polymerization of the embedding medium. The results indicate that: (a) none of the embedding media above provided optimal signal-to-noise ratio for all parts of the nerve stained in the same section; (b) aggregation of gold particles over cells was highest in embedding media with high background labeling over areas devoid of tissue (noise); (c) aggregation occurred randomly throughout both cellular and acellular regions; and (d) particles aggregated less and were distributed more evenly in tissues from media yielding good ultrastructural integrity.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Hearing research (ISSN 0378-5955); Volume 73; 2; 195-202
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  • 3
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    Expression of S100 beta in sensory and secretory cells of the vertebrate inner ear (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We evaluated anti-S100 beta expression in the chick (Gallus domesticus) inner ear and determined that: 1) the monomer anti-S100 beta is expressed differentially in the vestibular and auditory perikarya; 2) expression of S100 beta in the afferent nerve terminals is time-related to synapse and myelin formation; 3) the expression of the dimer anti-S100 alpha alpha beta beta and monomer anti-S100 beta overlaps in most inner ear cell types. Most S100 alpha alpha beta beta positive cells express S100 beta, but S100 beta positive cells do not always express S100 alpha alpha beta beta. 4) the expression of S100 beta is diffused over the perikaryal cytoplasm and nuclei of the acoustic ganglia but is concentrated over the nuclei of the vestibular perikarya. 6) S100 beta is expressed in secretory cells, and it is co-localized with GABA in sensory cells. 7) Color thresholding objective quantitation indicates that the amount of S100 beta was higher (mean 22, SD +/- 4) at E19 than at E9 (mean 34, SD +/- 3) in afferent axons. 8) Moreover, S100 beta was unchanged between E11-E19 in the perikaryal cytoplasm, but did change over the nuclei. At E9, 74%, and at E21, 5% of vestibular perikarya were positive. The data suggest that S100 beta may be physically associated with neuronal and ionic controlling cells of the vertebrate inner ear, where it could provide a dual ionic and neurotrophic modulatory function.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) (ISSN 0145-5680); Volume 41; 2; 213-25
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  • 4
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    Microgravity in the STS-29 space shuttle discovery affected the vestibular system of chick embryos (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Out of 32 embryos flown (16 @ E2 + 16 @ E9) for 5 days, 16 survived. All sixteen E2 were dead at landing. Eight were opened and eight were incubated at 1.0G. Autopsy showed that 4 E2 survived over 24 hours in space. Eight E14 hatched without anatomical malformations, and 8 E14 were fixed. The height of the macular epithelia was 31 mu m (mean) in control and 26 mu m in flight chicks. The cross-sectional area of macular nuclei of control was 17 mu m(2) for hair cells and 14 mu m(2) in supporting cells. In flight, cross-sectional area was 17 mu m(2) in hair cells and 15 mu m(2) in supporting cells (n=250). The shape factor of cartilage cells (1.0 = perfect circle) between control (mean = 0.70) and flight (mean = 0.72), and the area of cartilaginous cells between controls (mean = 9 mu m(2)) and flight (mean = 9 mu m(2)) did not differ (n=300). The nuclei of support cells were closer to the basement membrane in flight than in control chicks. The immunoreactivity of otoconia with anti keratan, fibronectin or chrondroitin sulfate was not different between flight and control ears. There were more afferent fibers inside the macular epithelia of flight (p〈0.05) than control. Three of 8 flight animals had elevated vestibular thresholds (VT), with normal mean response amplitudes and latencies. Modified afferent innervation patterns requiring weeks to compensate are sufficient to elevate VT, and should be investigated further. Other reversible (sublethal) microgravity effects on sensory epithelia (vacuoles, swelling, etc) require quantification.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Histology and histopathology (ISSN 0213-3911); Volume 11; 2; 407-26
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  • 5
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    Sensor biases effect on the estimation algorithm for performance-seeking controllers (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The performance-seeking-control algorithm (PSC) is designed to continuously optimize the performance of propulsion systems. The PSC uses a nominal model of the propulsion system and estimates, in flight, the engine deviation parameters (EDPs) characterizing engine deviations with respect to nominal conditions. In practice, the measurement biases (or model uncertainties) may prevent the estimated EDPs from reflecting the engine's actual off-nominal condition. This factor has a direct impact on the PSC scheme exacerbated by the open-loop character of the algorithm. An observability analysis shows that the biases cannot be estimated together with the EDPs. Moreover, biases and EDPs turn out to have equivalent effects on the measurements, leaving it undecided whether the estimated EDPs represent the actual engine deviation or whether they simply reflect the measurement biases. In this article, the effects produced by unknown measurement biases over the estimation algorithm are evaluated. This evaluation allows for identification of the most critical measurements for application of the PSC algorithm to an F100 engine.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: Journal of Propulsion and Power (ISSN 0748-4658); 10; 4; p. 527-532
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  • 6
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    Measurement of influence coefficients on a structure (1967)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: Elastic properties, displacement, and influence coefficient measurements of aircraft structures
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: ONERA AEROELASTICITY MANUAL, VOL. 4 〈1967〈 (SEE N68-14561 05-32)
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  • 7
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    Passive isolation/damping system for the Hubble space telescope reaction wheels (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: NASA's Hubble Space Telescope contain large, diffraction limited optics with extraordinary resolution and performance for surpassing existing observatories. The need to reduce structural borne vibration and resultant optical jitter from critical Pointing Control System components, Reaction Wheels, prompted the feasibility investigation and eventual development of a passive isolation system. Alternative design concepts considered were required to meet a host of stringent specifications and pass rigid tests to be successfully verified and integrated into the already built flight vehicle. The final design employs multiple arrays of fluid damped springs that attenuate over a wide spectrum, while confining newly introduced resonances to benign regions of vehicle dynamic response. Overall jitter improvement of roughly a factor of 2 to 3 is attained with this system. The basis, evolution, and performance of the isolation system, specifically discussing design concepts considered, optimization studies, development lessons learned, innovative features, and analytical and ground test verified results are presented.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, The 21st Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; p 211-226
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  • 8
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    Representation of transient sinusoids in the environmental vibration tests for spacecraft. (1965)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: Testing method for spacecraft response during environmental testing equivalent to its response to excitation by sinusoidal transients in flight
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
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  • 9
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    Mechanical fastening of titanium and its alloys (1966)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Designing, forming, machining, and assembling for joining titanium and titanium alloys with mechanical fasteners
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-53442 , RSIC-502
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  • 10
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    Welding procedures for titanium and titanium alloys (1965)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-29
    Description: Selecting conditions, equipment, and fabrication techniques for welding titanium and titanium alloys
    Keywords: MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-53432 , RSIC-470
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