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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (3)
  • AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (1)
  • 1
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    Problems inherent in using aircraft for radio oceanography studies (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Some of the disadvantages relating to altitude stability and proximity to the ocean are described for radio oceanography studies using aircraft. The random oscillatory motion introduced by the autopilot in maintaining aircraft altitude requires a more sophisticated range tracker for a radar altimeter than would be required in a satellite application. One-dimensional simulations of the sea surface (long-crested waves) are performed using both the JONSWAP spectrum and the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. The results of the simulation indicate that care must be taken in trying to experimentally verify instrument measurement accuracy. Because of the relatively few wavelengths examined from an aircraft due to proximity to the ocean and low velocity compared to a satellite, the random variation in the sea surface parameters being measured can far exceed an instrument's ability to measure them.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation; AP-25; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Oceanographic measurement capabilities of the NASA P-3 aircraft (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Instrumentation on NASA P3 aircraft available to provide ground truth for ERS-1 is described. The wave sensors include the 36 GHz Surface Contour Radar (SCR), the Ku-band Radar Ocean Wave Spectrometer (ROWS), and the Airborne Oceanographic Lidar. The other sensors include a C-band scatterometer, video camera, radiation thermometer, and AXRTs. The SCR and ROWS directional spectrum measurements are discussed. When planning for an underflight mission, the limited endurance of the aircraft (6 hr) and flight cost (2.7 K$/hr) must be considered. The advantage of the redundancy afforded by the several wave instruments is another important consideration.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA Proceedings of an ESA Workshop on ERS-1 Wind and Wave Calibration; p 111-121
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Altimeter height measurement errors introduced by the presence of variable cloud and rain attenuation (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: It has recently been recognized that spatially inhomogeneous clouds and rain can substantially affect the height precision obtainable from a spaceborne radar altimeter system. Through computer simulation, it has been found that typical levels of cloud and rain intensities and associated spatial variabilities may degrade altimeter precision at 13.5 GHz and, in particular, cause severe degradation at 35 GHz. This degradation in precision is a result of radar signature distortion caused by variable attenuation over the beam limited altimeter footprint. Because attenuation effects increase with frequency, imprecision caused by them will significantly impact on the frequency selection of future altimeters. In this paper the degradation of altimeter precision introduced by idealized cloud and rain configurations as well as for a realistic rain configuration as measured with a ground based radar is examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Frontiers of Remote Sensing of the Oceans and Troposphere from Air and Space Platforms; p 287-296
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Remote sensing of directional wave spectra using the surface contour radar (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A unique radio-oceanographic remote sensing instrument was developed. The 36 GHz airborne Surface Contour Radar (SCR) remotely produces a real-time topographical map of the sea surface beneath the aircraft. It can routinely produce ocean directional wave spectra with off-line data processing. The transmitter is a coherent dual-frequency device that uses pulse compression to compensate for the limited available power at Ka band. The radar has selectable pulse widths of 1, 2, 4, and 10 nanoseconds. The transmitting antenna is a 58 lambda horn fed dielectric lens whose axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. It illuminates an elliptical mirror which is oriented 45 deg to the lens' longitudinal axis to deflect the beam towards the region beneath the aircraft. The mirror is oscillated in a sinusoidal fashion through mechanical linkages driven to a variable speed motor to scan the transmitter beam (1.2 deg X 1.2 deg) with + or - 16 deg of the perpendicular to the aircraft wings in the plane perpendicular to the aircraft flight direction.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-84440 , NAS 1.15:84440
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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