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  • ASTRODYNAMICS  (5)
  • SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING  (5)
  • AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION  (1)
  • 1
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    Position determination of a lander and rover at Mars with Earth-based differential tracking (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The presence of two or more landed or orbiting spacecraft at a planet provides the opportunity to perform extremely accurate Earth-based navigation by simultaneously acquiring Doppler data and either Same-Beam Interferometry (SBI) or ranging data. Covariance analyses were performed to investigate the accuracy with which lander and rover positions on the surface of Mars can be determined. Simultaneous acquisition of Doppler and ranging data from a lander and rover over two or more days enables determination of all components of their relative position to under 20 m. Acquiring one hour of Doppler and SBI enables three dimensional lander-rover relative position determination to better than 5 m. Twelve hours of Doppler and either SBI or ranging from a lander and a low circular or half synchronous circular Mars orbiter makes possible lander absolute position determination to tens of meters.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION
    Type: The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report; p 279-293
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  • 2
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    Determination of radio-frame position for Earth and Jupiter from Ulysses encounter tracking (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Radio metric tracking data acquired from the Ulysses spacecraft about its encounter with Jupiter in February 1992 allow an accurate measurement of some components of the orbital elements describing the positions of the Earth and Jupiter with respect to extragalactic radio sources. Range and Doppler data acquired from the Earth while the spacecraft is far from any planet provide an estimate of the spacecraft trajectory relative to the orbit of the Earth. Doppler data near Jupiter provide an accurate position determination of the spacecraft with respect to Jupiter. Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of the spacecraft with respect to the distant radio sources provide a direct measure of the spacecraft position in the radio reference frame. Combining these measurements provides a means to estimate the locations of the Earth and Jupiter in the radio reference frame. One of the three Euler angles describing the orientation of the Earth's orbit in the radio frame has been determined to an accuracy of 50 nanoradians; the result agrees with other recent determinations of this orientation. The position of Jupiter at the time of Ulysses encounter has been determined to 15 nanoradians in ecliptic latitude and longitude.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: In: Spaceflight mechanics, 1993; AAS(AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, 3rd, Pasadena, CA, Feb. 22-24, 1993, Parts 1 & 2 . A95-81344 (ISSN 0065-3438); p. 1051-1059
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  • 3
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    Determination of use of a real time tone tracker to obtain same beam interferometry data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The radio metric tracking technique known as Same-Beam Interferometry (SBI) has been shown to improve orbit determination accuracy for the Magellan and Pioneer 12 orbiter. Previous efforts to explore the technique were carried out by making open loop recordings of the carrier signals from the two spacecraft and extracting their phases through post processing. This paper reports on the use of a closed loop receiver to simultaneously measure the carrier signals from two spacecraft in order to produce SBI data in near real time. The Experiment Tone Tracker is a digital closed loop receiver installed in two of NASA's Deep Space Network stations which can simultaneously extract the phase of up to eight tones. The receivers were used in late September and October of 1992 to collect Doppler and SBI data from Pioneer 12 and Magellan. The demise of the Pionner 12 on October 8th during the start-up phase of our tests precluded the collection of an extensive set of SBI data, however two passes of SBI and several arcs of single spacecraft Doppler data were recorded. The SBI data were analyzed and determined to have statistical errors consistent with error models and similar to open loop data.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: In: Spaceflight mechanics, 1993; AAS(AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, 3rd, Pasadena, CA, Feb. 22-24, 1993, Parts 1 & 2 . A95-81344 (ISSN 0065-3438); p. 1061-1070
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  • 4
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    Precise tracking of the Magellan and Pioneer Venusorbiters by same-beam interferometry. Part 1: Dataaccuracy analysis (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Simultaneous tracking of two spacecraft in orbit about a distant planet by two widely separated Earth-based radio antennas provides more-accurate positioning information than can be obtained by tracking each spacecraft separately. A demonstration of this tracking technique, referred to as same-beam interferometry (SBI), is currently being done using the Magellan and Pioneer 12 orbiters at Venus. Signals from both spacecraft fall within the same beamwidth of the Deep Space Station antennas. The plane-of-sky position difference between spacecraft is precisely determined by doubly differenced phase measurements. This radio metric measurement naturally complements line-of-sight Doppler. Data was first collected from Magellan and Pioneer 12 on August 11-12, 1990, shortly after Magellan was inserted into Venus orbit. Data were subsequently acquired in February and April 1991, providing a total of 34 hours of same-beam radio metric observables. Same-beam radio metric residuals have been analyzed and compared with model measurement error predictions. The predicted error is dominated by solar plasma fluctuations. The rms of the residuals is less than predicted by about 25 percent for 5-min averages. The shape of the spectrum computed from residuals is consistent with that derived from a model of solar plasma fluctuations. This data type can greatly aid navigation of a second spacecraft when the first is well-known in its orbit.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition; p 1-20
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  • 5
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    Precise Tracking of the Magellan and Pioneer Venus Orbiters by Same-Beam Interferometry. Part 2: Orbit Determination Analysis (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A new radio metric positioning technique has demonstrated improved orbit determination accuracy for the Magellan and Pioneer Venus Orbiter orbiters. The new technique, known as Same-Beam Interferometry (SBI), is applicable to the positioning of multiple planetary rovers, landers, and orbiters which may simultaneously be observed in the same beamwidth of Earth-based radio antennas. Measurements of carrier phase are differenced between spacecraft and between receiving stations to determine the plane-of-sky components of the separation vector(s) between the spacecraft. The SBI measurements complement the information contained in line-of-sight Doppler measurements, leading to improved orbit determination accuracy. Orbit determination solutions have been obtained for a number of 48-hour data arcs using combinations of Doppler, differenced-Doppler, and SBI data acquired in the spring of 1991. Orbit determination accuracy is assessed by comparing orbit solutions from adjacent data arcs. The orbit solution differences are shown to agree with expected orbit determination uncertainties. The results from this demonstration show that the orbit determination accuracy for Magellan obtained by using Doppler plus SBI data is better than the accuracy achieved using Doppler plus differenced-Doppler by a factor of four and better than the accuracy achieved using only Doppler by a factor of eighteen. The orbit determination accuracy for Pioneer Venus Orbiter using Doppler plus SBI data is better than the accuracy using only Doppler data by 30 percent.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report; p 22-36
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  • 6
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    A determination of the radio-planetary frame tie from comparison of Earth orientation parameters (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The orientation of the reference frame of radio source catalogs relative to that of planetary ephemerides, or 'frame tie,' can be a major systematic error source for interplanetary spacecraft orbit determination. This work presents a method of determining the radio-planetary frame tie from a comparison of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) and lunar laser ranging (LLR) station coordinate and earth orientation parameter estimates. A frame tie result is presented with an accuracy of 25 nrad.
    Keywords: SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
    Type: The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report 42-109: January-March 1992; 1-21
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  • 7
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    Orbiter-orbiter and orbiter-lander tracking using same-beam interferometry (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Two spacecraft orbiting Mars will subtend a small angle as viewed from Earth. This angle will usually be smaller than the beam width of a single radio antenna. Thus the two spacecraft may be tracked simultaneously by a single Earth-based antenna. The same-beam interferometry (SBI) technique involves using two widely separated antennas, each observing the two spacecraft, to produce a measurement of the angular separation of the two spacecraft in the plane of the sky. The information content of SBI data is thus complementary to the line-of-sight information provided by conventional Doppler data. The inclusion of SBI data with the Doppler data in a joint orbit estimation procedure can desensitize the solution to gravity mismodeling and result in improved orbit determination accuracy. This article presents an overview of the SBI technique, a measurement error analysis, and an error covariance analysis of some examples of the application of SBI to orbit determination. For hypothetical scenarios involving the Mars Observer and the Russian Mars '94 spacecraft, orbit determination accuracy improvements of up to an order of magnitude are predicted, relative to the accuracy that can be obtained by using only Doppler data acquired separately from each spacecraft. Relative tracking between a Mars orbiter and a lander fixed on the surface of Mars is also studied. Results indicate that the lander location may be determined to a few meters, while the orbiter ephemeris may be determined with accuracy similar to the orbiter-orbiter case.
    Keywords: SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
    Type: The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report 42-109: January-March 1992; 74-86
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  • 8
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    Orbit determination for Magellan and Pioneer 12 using same-beam interferometry (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Simultaneous tracking of two spacecraft in orbit about a distant planet, by two widely-separated earth-based radio antennas, provides more accurate positioning information than can be obtained by tracking each spacecraft separately. A demonstration of this tracking technique, referred to as Same-Beam Interferometry (SBI), is in progress using the Magellan and Pioneer 12 orbiters at Venus. Signals from both spacecraft fall within the same beamwidth of the earth-based tracking antennas. The plane-of-sky position difference between spacecraft is precisely determined by double-differenced phase measurements. This data type complements line-of-sight Doppler. Data were collected from Magellan and Pioneer 12 on Aug. 11-12, 1990, shortly after Magellan was inserted into Venus orbit. Orbits for both spacecraft were fit with one day data arc using Doppler and SBI data and compared to orbits fit to only Doppler data. The Doppler plus SBI orbits show improved orbit-to-orbit consistency over the Doppler-only orbits.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: AAS PAPER 91-393 , AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 19, 1991 - Aug 22, 1991; Durango, CO; United States
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  • 9
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    Demonstration of orbit determination using same-beam interferometry for Magellan and Pioneer 12 (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Orbit determination results are presented for Magellan and Pioneer 12 utilizing same-beam interferometer (SBI) data, which is a new data type for planetary orbiter navigation. The orbit determination data employing this data type, based on orbit-to-orbit consistency, has been explained in terms of nominal error models. Results show the orbit determination accuracy for Pioneer 12 using Doppler plus SBI data to be better than the accuracy utilizing only Doppler data by 30 percent.
    Keywords: SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-4519 , 1992 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference; Aug 10, 1992 - Aug 12, 1992; Hilton Head Island, SC; United States
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  • 10
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    Differential tracking data types for accurate and efficient Mars planetary navigation (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Ways in which high-accuracy differential observations of two or more deep space vehicles can dramatically extend the power of earth-based tracking over conventional range and Doppler tracking are discussed. Two techniques - spacecraft-spacecraft differential very long baseline interferometry (S/C-S/C Delta(VLBI)) and same-beam interferometry (SBI) - are discussed. The tracking and navigation capabilities of conventional range, Doppler, and quasar-relative Delta(VLBI) are reviewed, and the S/C-S/C Delta (VLBI) and SBI types are introduced. For each data type, the formation of the observable is discussed, an error budget describing how physical error sources manifest themselves in the observable is presented, and potential applications of the technique for Space Exploration Initiative scenarios are examined. Requirements for spacecraft and ground systems needed to enable and optimize these types of observations are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
    Type: Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation; Jun 10, 1991 - Jun 12, 1991; Williamsburg, VA; United States
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