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  • SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION  (2)
  • AIRCRAFT  (1)
  • Gamma rays: bursts  (1)
  • 1
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    Gamma-ray spectroscopy - Status and prospects (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Contemporary gamma-ray spectroscopy instruments and their results are reviewed. Sensitivities of 10 to the -4th to 10 to the -3rd ph/sq cm-sec have been achieved for steady sources and 10 to the -2nd to 1 ph/sq cm-sec for transient sources. This has led to the detection of gamma-ray lines from more than 40 objects representing 6 classes of astrophysical phenomena. The lines carry model-independent information and are of fundamental importance to theoretical modeling and our understanding of the objects. The objectives and anticipated results of future instruments are discussed. Several instruments in development will have a factor of 10 sensitivity improvement to certain phenomena over contemporary instruments. A factor of 100 improvement in sensitivity will allow the full potential of gamma-ray spectroscopy to be realized. Instrument concepts which would achieve this with both present and advanced techniques are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 3; 4 19; 1983
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Techniques in balloon X-ray astronomy. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Since the first balloon observation of the Crab Nebula balloon data have provided much information on the positions, spectra, time variability and pulsed nature of localized sources, and on the spectrum and isotropy of diffuse galactic and universal components. Measurements are limited to energies above about 20 keV by atmospheric attenuation at 2 to 3 g/sq cm depth and to below several hundred keV by detector sensitivity. Detectors usually consist of large-area Na I or Cs I scintillation counters with anticoincidence collimators for rejection of charged particles and scattered X-rays. Proportional counters are occasionally used at lower energies and solid-state detectors are used where extreme energy resolution is important. The instruments require a pointing capability on the order of 1.0 to 0.1 deg, depending on the collimator aperture. Digital data is either recorded on board or telemetered using a PCM technique.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 13; June 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    BATSE spectroscopy detector calibration (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We describe the channel-to-energy calibration of the Spectroscopy Detectors of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO). These detectors consist of NaI(TI) crystals viewed by photomultiplier tubes whose output in turn is measured by a pulse height analyzer. The calibration of these detectors has been complicated by frequent gain changes and by nonlinearities specific to the BATSE detectors. Nonlinearities in the light output from the NaI crystal and in the pulse height analyzer are shifted relative to each other by changes in the gain of the photomultiplier tube. We present the analytical model which is the basis of our calibration methodology, and outline how the empirical coefficients in this approach were determined. We also describe the complications peculiar to the Spectroscopy Detectors, and how our understanding of the detectors' operation led us to a solution to these problems.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Experimental Astronomy (ISSN 0922-6435); 2; 5; p. 307-330.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GRBs in the 5-10 keV regime as seen by BATSE (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Gamma rays: bursts ; Methods: data analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The BATSE Spectroscopy Detectors (SDs) each have a thin beryllium window which allows detection of photons down to 5 keV. Until recently, exploitation of low-energy SD discriminator data has been held up by a lack of knowledge of its energy coverage. A recent series of in-flight changes in the instrument configuration has allowed the SD discriminators to be calibrated fairly accurately. With this in hand, we have surveyed BATSE GRBs for such features as X-ray precursors and after-glows in the roughly 5-10 keV band. For a large percentage of the BATSE bursts, no emission is observed in this energy band. In some cases where low-energy emission has been observed, ratios of flux histories indicate differential spectral evolution. In addition, we have obtained joint spectral fits between the low-energy data and the regular SD data, showing that a single spectral model is sometimes insufficient to fit the entire energy range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658618
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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