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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (32)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (8)
  • Man/System Technology and Life Support  (7)
  • AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the A ⇄ B transition of DNA in fibers and gels by laser Raman spectroscopy (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 14 (1975), S. 1245-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained from oriented fibers of sodium deoxyribonucleic acid (Na-DNA) as a function of salt content and relative humidity. We have confirmed the previously reported X-ray results that, for oriented fibers, the A-form always exists between 75 and 92% relative humidity and that the conformation will change to the B-form at 92% relative humidity only if an excess (3-5%) of added salt is present. Oriented fibers containing low amounts of added salt remain in the A-type conformation at 92% relative humidity and higher. An exact correlation has been found between the familiar A- and B-type X-ray diffraction patterns of DNA fibers and the Raman spectra previously reported without X-ray verification from this laboratory for the A- and B-forms. In particular, a band at 807 cm-1 was always present when a fiber showed the A-type diffraction pattern, and this band shifts to 790 cm-1 in the B-form. Using the Raman spectrum to determine the specific conformation of DNA in samples less amenable to X-ray analysis, we have studied the A ⇄ Btransformation in unoriented fibrous masses of DNA and in concentrated, oriented gels. We find that in unoriented fibrous masses, the A ⇄ B transition always occurs at 92% relative humidity even at very low salt concentration (0-4%). However, in oriented DNA gels at low salt, the A-form can persist as a metastable state to concentration as low as 20% DNA. The origin of the bands at 807 and 790 cm-1 and the possible biological implications of these findings are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1975.360140613
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple microtome for sectioning cellular foam (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 921-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple, inexpensive microtome was developed for sectioning polystyrene foam prepuff. The cell structure is well defined and wall thicknesses can be measured easily from photomicrographs prepared with the microtome.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of proper mounting media for examining heterogeneous copolymers with the phase microscopeProd. No. 1617 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2037-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A technique for examining heterogeneous copolymers with the phase microscope is described. This method is based on the use of a mounting medium that displays selective solubility toward the constituent materials, thereby masking one or more phases in order to provide suitable phase contrast and isolation of the constituent to be examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111020
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The manganic hydroxide-hydrazine hydrate system as an initiator of vinyl polymerization (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2333-2340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of hydrazine hydrate with manganic hydroxide and its application to the solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been studied. The kinetic evidence suggests that the hydrazine and the monomer are both adsorbed on the surface of the manganic hydroxide sol and that the decomposition of the hydrazine and the polymerization of the methyl methacrylate follow zero-order kinetics. The rate of polymerization increases slowly with increasing temperature, the activation energy for the polymerization being 4.9 ± 0.2 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070131109
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mounting media for the microscopical examination of rubber-reinforced polymers (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 337-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mounting media for examining rubber reinforced copolymers using the phase microscope are described. The mounting media are based on cinnamaldehyde as the basic solvent with suitable adjustments made depending upon the copolymer under examination.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der ferritischen rostfreien Stähle (1970)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 336-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent developments in ferritic stainless steelsThe pitting resistance of ferritic stainless steels in HCl is visibly improved by Mo, in particular in the case of vacuum-melted material. In this context the ratio Cr:Mo = 25:2 is superior ta Cr:Mo = 17:3; addition of Mo prevents, beyond that, crevice corrosion. Ti increases resistance in the Strauß test but not in the Huey test, while Nb turns out to have a positive effect in either test. Steels containing Cr: Mo = 17:l are certainly still susceptible to pitting, but no longer to stress corrosion cracking in boiling MgCl2, solution; stress corrosion cracking is not observed in 55% boiling Ca(NO3)2, and 25% boiling NaOH, but after annealing at 980 °C intercrystalline corrosion takes place. The test duration required for establishing cracking susceptibility is considerably shorter with ferritic than with austenitic steels (100 and 1000 to 2000 hours respectively).
    Notes: Die Beständigkeit von nichtrostenden ferritischen Stählen gegen Lochfraß in HCl wird durch Mo deutlich verbessert, besonders, wenn es sich un vakuumerschmolzenes Material handelt. Hierbei ist die Kombination Cr :Mo 25 :2 besser als 17:3; der Mo-Zusatz verhindert außerdem Spaltkorrosion. Ti erhöht die Beständigkeit im Strauß-Test, nicht hingegen im Huey-Test, während Nb sich in beiden Medien als günstig erweist. Stäble mit Cr:Mo 17:l sind zwar noch anfällig fur Lochfraß, nicht mehr hingegen für Spannunnsrißkorrosion in kochendem MgCl2; auch in kochendem Ca-Nitrat (55%) oder NaOH (25%) tritt keine Spannungsrißkorrosion auf; doch wird nach Glühen bei bei 980°C interkristalline Korrosion beobachtet. Die zur Prüfung der Rißbildungsneigung erforderliche Versuchsdauer ist für die ferritischen Stähle wesentlich kürzer als für austenitische (100 gegen 100 bei 2000 Std).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19700210505
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of nickel-bearing ferritic stainless steels (1977)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 536-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosinsbeständigkeit und mechanische Eigenschaften von nickelhaltigen ferritischen stählenZusatz von nickel zu ferritischen Stählen mit 25-28% Cr und 2-4% Mo verbessert die Schlagzähigkeit, vor allem bei Ni-Gehalten oberhalb 2%. Die Wirkung des Nickels nimmt bis zur untersuchten Obergrenze (4%) zu. Niobstabilisierte Stähle haben niedrigere Übergangstemperaturen als entsprechende titanstabilisierte. Stähle mit 4% Nickel müssen bei 1050°C angelassen werden, um Bildung intermetallischer Verbindungen zu vermeiden. Ferner wurde beobachte, dß Nickel die obere Schwellenenergie bei der Kerbschlagprüfung nach Charpy verringert und den scharfen Überzug zäh/spröd aus schalter. Ein deutlicher Einfluß des Nickels auf das Lochkorrosionspotential wurde nicht festgestellt; die Stähle in der Reihe 25 Cr-3,5 Mo-Ni--Ti hatten jedoch durchweg edlere Lochkorrosionspotentiale und besser Spaltkorrosionsbeständigkeit als die Stähle mit 28Cr und 2Mo (Ni Ti) Die Spaltkorrosionsbeständigkeit wird durch 1 order 2% Nickel verbessert, während höhere Gehalte ungünstig zu sein scheinen. Die kritische Passivierungsstromdichte in 1 n Schwefel-und Salzsäure wird durch Nickel stark verringert, weshalb die Beständigkeit dann erhöht ist. Durch 1% Nickel werden die angelassenen Stähle anfällig für Spannungsrißkorrosion in Magnesiumchloridlösung bei 140°C, während geschweißte Stähle mit 4% Nickel in siedender 25%tiger Natriumchloridlösung bei pH l Keine Rißbildung aufweisen.
    Notes: Additions of nickel to ferritic steels containing 25-28% Cr and 2-4% Mo increased the impact toguhness especially when more than 2% Ni was present. The effect of nickel content increased up to 4% Ni, the largest addition studied. Steels stabilized with niobium had lower transition temperatures then did corresponding steels stablizied with titanium. Steels containing 4% Ni required annealing at 1050 C to avoid intermetalic compounds. It was also noted that nickel reduced the upper shelf energy in the Charpy impact test and eliminated a sharp transition from ductile to brittle behaviour.No definite effect of nickel on pitting potential was pound but steels in the series 25Cr-3.5 Mo-Ni-Ti consistenly had more noble pitting potentials and greater resistance to crevice corrosion than the 28 Cr-2Mo-Ni-Ti steels. Nickel contents of 1 or 2% tended to improve crevice corrosion resistance while larger nickel contents were somewhat ditrimental. Nickel strongly reduced critical current densities for passivity both in l N H2SO4 and in l N HCL and yielded corresponding increases in resistance to corrosion by these acids. Although 1% Ni or more caused the annealed steels to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in MgCl2 boiling at 140 C, while the as-Welded steels containing 4% Ni did not crack in boiling 25% Nacl at pH 1.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19770280804
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR-electrochemical cells and their performance in studies of redox processes (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 1 (1989), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A review of the various simultaneous ESR-electrochemical techniques that have been developed is presented. Special advantages and disadvantages of the stationary and flow-through cell configurations are described. A critical evaluation of the in situ ESR-electrochemical cells developed to date has also been made. A selected survey of applications is presented to illustrate the wide range of chemical information on redox reactions which can be obtained by the simultaneous ESR-electrochemical method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140010103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of ultrathin ring and band microelectrodes as amperometric sensors in electrochemical flow cells (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 1 (1989), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gold and platinum ultrathin ring microelectrodes (0.1-0.5 mm thick, 1.5-4 mm diameter) were made by sputtering, from fired metalloorganic paint, and from foil for use as sensors in a thick-layer wall-jet flow cell. An end-on array of three 0.1 μm × 0.5 mm gold band electrodes were mounted parallel to the flow direction in a thin-layer channel cell. These ultrathin sensors, along with a jet-centered carbon microdisk, were evaluated in the amperometric flow-injection mode for temporal stability, calibration sensitivity, detectivity, background signal, and flow rate dependence of the analytical signal using ferrocene samples in acetonitrile containing 10-4-10-2 M TEAP. The detectivity of gold paint ring electrodes made on borosilicate glass was 3-6 nM, an order of magnitude lower than any of the other electrodes tested. Analytical signals from gold paint and foil rings and the carbon microdisk had the best temporal stability. The current for the ultrathin band array in a channel cell was flow rate-independent, and the exponential dependence of cell current on flow rate was 0.11-0.14 for ultrathin rings in the thick-layer wall-jet mode.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140010105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A battery-powered, microprocessor-controlled, programmable function generator for field-based stripping voltammetry with conventional and microsized electrodes (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 2 (1990), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Battery-powered, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices have been used to develop a programmable function generator. When used in conjunction with commercially available, battery-powered potentiostats or electrometers and recording devices, the technique of field-based direct current stripping voltammetry becomes available. The instrumental performance of a range of modular, battery-powered instruments has been evaluated with conventional and microsized electrodes and compared with ac-powered laboratory instruments using conventionally sized electrodes. Stripping experiments with the field-based instrument and with microelectrodes can be carried out under linear potential sweep conditions because the limit of detection is similar to that obtained with transient techniques at conventional sized electrodes. Other simplifications to the instrumentation and voltammetric procedures that are valuable in field-based studies (e.g., neither stirring nor deoxygenation of the solutions is required) also are achieved by using microelectrodes and are illustrated by the determination of copper in a river water sample.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140020305
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