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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Calibration techniques for a medium energy gamma ray telescope are described. Gain calibration using Compton edge spectra involves comparisons of pulse height spectra with spectra simulated by a Monte Carlo computer code which includes Compton scattering and pair production, plural scattering and variable energy resolution, and cell size. The telescope considered comprises 56 cells of liquid scintillator in four size groups, with a total liquid volume of 325 l; each cell has its own photomultiplier tube. Energy and angular resolutions and the PMT gain calibration procedure are verified with double scatter data for monoenergetic gamma rays at a known location. Detection probabilities for any cell combination in the two telescope arrays are calculated per steradian as a function of the scattering for a number of different energies with a Van de Graaff accelerator.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Calcium/musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, erythropoieses, and fluid and electrolyte/renal regulation are discussed. Modeling and software development are also discussed.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-167821 , NAS 1.26:167821
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A detailed description of Guyton's model and modifications are provided. Also included are descriptions of several typical experiments which the model can simulate to illustrate the model's general utility. A discussion of the problems associated with the interfacing of the model to other models such as respiratory and thermal regulation models which is prime importance since these stimuli are not present in the current model is also included. A user's guide for the operation of the model on the Xerox Sigma 3 computer is provided and two programs are described. A verification plan and procedure for performing experiments is also presented.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160212 , TIR-741-MED-3042
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Research in the area of modeling of the fluid and electrolyte system is briefly reviewed and a model of this system, which is adequate for a basic description of the requisite physiological processes, is presented. The use of this model as an individual subsystem model and as a component of a more complete human model is discussed.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160210
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The model is basically a three-compartment model, the three compartments being the plasma, interstitial fluid and cellular fluid. Sodium, potassium, chloride and urea are the only major solutes considered explicitly. The control of body water and electrolyte distribution is affected via drinking and hormone levels. Basically, the model follows the effect of various oral input water loads on solute and water distribution throughout the body.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160205 , TIR-741-MED-3010
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  • 16
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Acid-base regulation is a cooperative phenomena in vivo with body fluids, extracellular and intracellular buffers, lungs, and kidneys all playing important roles. The present account is much too brief to be considered a review of present knowledge of these regulatory systems, and should be viewed, instead, as a guide to the elements necessary to construct a simple model of the mutual interactions of the acid-base regulatory systems of the body.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA-CR-160222 , TIR-741-MED-4017
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The contribution of mathematical modeling and computer simulation to the understanding of problems arising during weightless space flight is reviewed. Examples from fluid, endocrine, and circulatory regulation are provided to illustrate the utility of modeling as an adjunct to the process of scientific inquiry, especially in the development and theoretical testing of hypotheses. The models were used to examine the acute and chronic phases of space flight. Paradoxial results appear when data obtained during chronic adaptation is interpreted using theories which pertain to acute adjustments. The modeling process provides a means of developing a theoretical basis for interpreting the chronic adaptive phase of flight.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: ESA Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Space Physiology; p 233-244
    Format: text
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The design and performance of the double-scatter 1-30-MeV gamma-ray telescope developed at the University of California for balloon-borne observations are reported and illustrated with drawings, diagrams, and graphs. The telescope comprises an upper array of 16 6.03 x 6.03 x 100-cm plastic scintillator bars viewed by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) at both ends, a lower array (at 100-cm distance) of 16 4.83 x 4.83 x 100-cm NaI(Tl) bars viewed at both ends by PMTs, and four 122 x 122 x 0.64-cm plastic sheets viewed by four PMTs each as charged-particle anticoincidence shielding. The operating principle of the telescope, the tests conducted on the NaI(Tl) bars, the on-board data-processing electronics, and the overall performance are characterized. Performance parameters include area 1 sq m, field of view pi sr, 4-sigma sensitivity above 1 MeV 0.00004 gamma/sq cm sec over 25 h, angular resolution about 3.5 deg FWHM, and energy resolution 10 percent at 1 MeV and 6 percent at 6 MeV.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Aug 22, 1983 - Sep 03, 1983; Bangalore; India
    Format: text
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A machine-readable catalog of stellar spectrophotometric measurements made with rotating grating scanner is introduced. Consideration is given to the processes by which the stellar data were collected and calibrated with the fluxes of Vega (Hayes and Latham, 1975). A sample page from the spectrophotometric catalog is presented.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (ISSN 0365-0138); 81; 2 De; 221-223
    Format: text
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Previous fundamental research in space life sciences is examined, and consideration is devoted to studies relevant to Space Station activities. Microgravity causes weight loss, hemoconcentration, and orthostatic intolerance when astronauts returns to earth. Losses in bone density, bone calcium, and muscle nitrogen have also been observed, together with cardiovascular deconditioning, fluid-electrolyte metabolism alteration, and space sickness. Experiments have been performed with plants, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, tissue cultures, invertebrate species, and with nonhuman vertebrates, showing little effect on simple cell functions. The Spacelab first flight will feature seven life science experiments and the second flight, two. Further studies will be performed on later flights. Continued life science studies to optimize human performance in space are necessary for the efficient operation of a Space Station and the assembly of large space structures, particularly in interaction with automated machinery.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 83-7089
    Format: text
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