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  • 79.60  (4)
  • mixed metal tert-butoxides in CVD  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 44 (1987), S. 75-79 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 74.00 ; 74.10 ; 74.70 ; 79.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract XPS and UPS photoemission results on the new high-T c oxide superconductors La2−xMexCuO4 (Me=Sr, Ba) with a maximumT c≈40 K show the following: 1) the electronic density of states atE F is small (smaller than in pure Cu); the work function is metallic like with a value around 4.2 eV. 2) The Cu-2p spectra show hardly a possible small tendency to a mixed valent Cu3+/Cu2+state with increasing Me content, but smaller than expected from the Me2+ concentration suggesting that oxygen defects are responsible for the charge compensation. 3) The core level spectra of La, Me, and O show satellites which are at least partially related to O2− defects and which change in intensity with increasing surface sensitivity of the experiments. First core-level spectra on y1.2Ba0.8CuO4 with aT c ≈ K indicate a complicated composition of these new compounds.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 71.28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract From photoemission and electron-energy-loss data the following picture of KMnO4, with MnVII (with a formal charge state Mn7+ (3d 0)) tetrahedrally surrounded by four O2−-ions, is deduced: strong covalent bonding between MnVII and O2− leads to a considerable occupation of the Mn-3 d shell. The ground state of the (MnO4)−1 molecule is an orbital and spin singlet as seen by the absence of any multiplet splitting in the Mn core levels. The valence band shows a four peak structure extending form 4 eV to 8 eV below the Fermi energy. The first peak at 4.2 eV has mainly O-2p character. The remaining peaks are of strongly mixed Mn-3d/O-2p character due to the covalent bonding. This mixing decreases with increasing binding energy. The electron energy loss data show a variety of structures between 2 eV and 10 eV independent of the primary electron energy which defines them as dipole allowed charge-transfer transitions. An additional excitation at 1.8 eV decreases quickly in intensity with increasing electron energy which classifies it as a dipole or spin forbidden transition in the compound. This energy is close to the value of 1.6 eV reported for the activation energy observed in electrical transport data. The results are compared to quantum chemical molecular orbital calculations of the (MnO4)−1 molecule.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 25-34 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electronic structure of the layered compounds LaI2 and CeI2 was investigated by photoemission and electron energy loss spectroscopy. From the experimental results we are able to confirm the metallic nature of these compounds, and by using photon energy dependent measurements of the valence band we can identify the orbital character of the conduction band as essentially 5d1-like. A detailed analysis of the Ce 3d and 4f spectra yields a remarkably small 4f-5d hybridization strength, almost completely decoupling the f-electron from the conduction band, which makes CeI2 a somewhat unusual system compared to other metallic Ce compounds. Band structure calculations by Jepsen and Andersen [1] confirm these experimental results.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 83-93 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.60 ; 71.20 ; 71.28
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated hole doped (by lithium) and electron-doped (by nickel metal) NiO with photoemission (PES), inverse photoemission (IPES) and low and high energy electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Both types of doping create empty states approximately in the middle of the charge transfer gap of undoped NiO.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: CVD of tert-butoxides of Ge, Sn, Pb ; mixed metal tert-butoxides in CVD ; nano-composites metal/metaloxide ; XPS of nano-composites ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and XPS Analysis of nano-scaled Metal/Metaloxid Composites with Germanium, Tin, and Lead as Metallic Componenttert-Butanolates of Germanium(II), tin(II), and lead(II) of the formula {M[O-C(CH3)3]2}n (M = Ge, n = 2; M = Sn, n = 2; M = Pb, n = 3) as well as the corresponding heterometalalkoxides M′M2[O—C(CH3)3]6 (M = Ge, M′ = Sr, Ba; M = Sn, M′ = Ca, Sr, Ba; M = Pb, M′ = Ca, Ba) have been subject to a single precursor chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. In this process the volatile precursor has been pyrolized under reduced pressure (0,1 Torr) on a graphit or metal substrate which has been heated by induction in a microwave field to about 300-500°C. The gases originating from this pyrolisis have been analyzed by means of a quadrupole mass spectrometer whereas the solid coating which contained the micro composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, EDX-analysis and XPS-spectra. In all cases the solid material contained two phases, in which the element M ((Ge), Sn, Pb) either had oxidation state 0 or +4 (in the surface of the solids made of germanium containing precursors only GeII along with Ge0 has been detected by XPS spectroscopy). The group 14-element in the starting material had thus undergone a disproportionation from the +2 oxidation state into a lower and a higher one by two units. The elemental phase and the phase containing the formal +4 cation which is amorphous in most cases and which approaches the formula MO2 or M′MO3 (M = (Ge), Sn, Pb; M′ = Ca, Sr, Ba) are uniformally distributed. The composites consist of ball shaped particles on which other smaller particles are placed in a fractal manner ressembling a black berry. In the case of the composite Sn · BaSnO3 the center of the ball shaped particles has been analyzed as pure elemental tin. The organic substituents of the precursors as well as the dynamic vacuum in the decomposition process seem to be responsible for the ball shaped nature of the solid material. In a test experiment gallium tri-tert-but-oxide has been used as precursor: again ball shaped particles are obtained which have the chemical composition Ga2O3 but which contain no elemental gallium.
    Notes: tert-Butanolate von Germanium(II), Zinn(II) und Blei(II) der Formel {M[O—C(CH3)3]2}n (M = Ge, n = 2; M = Sn, n = 2; M = Pb, n = 3) sowie die entsprechenden Heterometallalkoxide M′M2[O-C(CH3)3]6(M = Ge, M′ = Sr, Ba; M = Sn, M′ = Ca, Sr, Ba; M = Pb, M′ = Ca, Ba) wurden in einem CVD-Prozeß (Chemical Vapour Deposition) als Einkomponenten Precursoren eingesetzt. In dem Prozeß wird der flüchtige Precursor unter reduziertem Druck auf einem Graphit- oder Metall-Target bei 300-500°C pyrolisiert, wobei das Target in einem Mikrowellenfeld aufgeheizt wird. Die entstehenden Gase dieser Pyrolyse werden über ein Quadrupol-Massenspektrometer analysiert. Die sich bildende feste Schicht, die einen Mikrokomposit enthält, wird mit Röntgenbeugung, Elektronenmikroskopie, EDX-Analyse und XPS-Spektren untersucht. In allen Fällen enthält der dargestellte Feststoff zwei Phasen, in denen die Elemente Ge, Sn und Pb sowohl in der Oxidationstufe 0 als auch +4 enthalten sind (in den Germanium enthaltenden Proben kann auf der Oberfläche über XPS neben Ge0 nur GeII nachgewiesen werden). Das im Startmolekül enthaltene Gruppe 14-Element hat demnach, ausgehend von der Oxidationsstufe +2, in eine um zwei Einheiten höhere bzw. niedere Oxidationsstufe disproportioniert. Die Elementphase und die meist amorphe Phase, die das formale +4 Kation enthält und die den Formeln MO2 bzw. M′MO3 (M = (Ge), Sn, Pb; M′ = Ca, Sr, Ba) nahe kommt, sind innig ineinander vermischt. Die Komposite bestehen aus kugelförmigen Gebilden, auf deren Oberfläche weitere kleine Kugeln sitzen, auf welche wieder kleinere Kugeln aufgewachsen sind, so daß ein Fraktal entsteht, dessen oberste Struktur einer Brombeere gleicht. Im Fall des Komposits Sn · BaSnO3 wurde das Zentrum der Kugelansammlung als reines Zinn identifiziert. Die organischen Substituenten der Startmoleküle und die dynamische Veränderung des Unterdrucks bei der Zersetzung haben einen Einfluß auf das Entstehen der kugeligen Gebilde. In einem Testexperiment wurde auch Galliumtritert-butoxid als Precursor eingesetzt: man findet auch wieder kugelförmige Gebilde der Zusammensetzung Ga2O3, jedoch enthalten diese Feststoffe kein elementares Gallium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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