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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 71.10.+x ; 71.28.+d ; 79.20.Fv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Due to their sensitivity to electron-correlation effects,CVV Auger-electron (AES) and appearance-potential spectroscopy (APS) can provide useful information on the electronic structure of solids. Correlations among the valence-band electrons (VV correlations) as well as correlations between the valence-band and the core electrons (CV correlations) are responsible for a variety of effects. StrongVV correlations are well known to give rise to sharp satellites in the spectra, which are related to localized two-hole (electron) final states. On the other hand, the screening of the core-hole potential in the initial state for AES, the sudden response of the valence-band electrons after the destruction of the core hole, and, for APS, the scattering of the valence-band electrons at the core hole are all consequences ofCV correlations. Up to now, however, little is known about the combined influence of both types of correlations on the spectra. We present a new theoretical approach that refers to the general case of a model system with arbitrary band-filling and arbitrary strengths ofVV as well asCV correlations. Remaining restrictions and simplifications concerning the degeneracy of the valence band, the transition matrix elements, etc. can be improved systematically. Of course, this generality can only be achieved at the expense of inevitable approximations in the theoretical formulation. The AES and APS intensities are given by properly defined three-particle Green functions, which are determined by use of a diagrammatic vertex-correction method that is based on the three-particle ladder approximation, which is the main idea of our approach. It is a direct generalization of the two-particle ladder approximation, which in the past has been applied for the calculation of two-particle Green functions that are related to the AES and APS intensities, ifCV correlations can be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 1119-1131 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of olefin copolymers by inverse gas chromatography show that the method is suitable for determining the crystallinity of compositions where a linear extrapolation of density determinations is not applicable. Satisfactory estimates of crystallinity were obtained on ethylene copolymers with carbon monoxide and vinyl acetate and on an emulsifiable polyethylene wax. Studies were also made in which the columns were packed with physical mixtures of GC support and polyolefin powders, either obtained direct or ground from film samples. It was shown that good estimates of crystallinity could be obtained if suitable allowance is made for variance in peak retention time with flow rate, due to the relatively slow rate of diffusion of the probe molecule in polymer particles of large diameter (〉100 μm). If smaller particles are used it is usually unnecessary to correct for flow rate effects. This extends the usefulness of the “molecular probe” technique to any polyolefin sample which can be ground to a fine particle size and eliminates the need for solution coating of the column packing.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 14 (1976), S. 1073-1081 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The glass transition temperatures of polypropylene, poly-1-butene, polyisobutylene, and an ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymer have been determined by inverse gas chromatography. The results are consistent with those determined by other procedures. When applied to low-, medium- and high-density polyethylene, values of -35, -25, and -18°C, respectively, were obtained. Because of the fact that the chromatographic technique involves essentially a sensitive detection of free volume in a polymer, it is suggested that these values represent Tg if it is defined as an iso-free volume state of the amorphous phase of the polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 14 (1976), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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