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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The depth resolution of sputter profiling (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20, 81
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that the bulk radiation damage accompanying sputtering events sets ultimate limits to the depth resolution attainable in sputter profiling. These limits have been reached in a few cases but most published experimental resolutions are dominated either by instrumental effects or deterioration of depth resolution caused by surface-topography changes. The radiation-damage induced mixing is called “cascade mixing”. Guidelines for selection of projectile species and energies to minimize such mixing are given and numerical estimates for attainable depth resolutions are presented. Finally, the influence of cascade mixing is assessed relative to that of recoil implantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nine years of measurements of atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur deposition to Danish forest (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2205-2210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Trend ; gas ; aerosol ; bulk precipitation ; throughfall ; acid deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Since 1985 measurements of gasses, aerosols, precipitation and throughfall have been carried out at three forest sites in Denmark with equal aged Norway Spruce plantations. The times series show a downward trend in the concentration of sulphur dioxide. Particulate sulphate, ammonia and particulate ammonium and the total nitrate seem to have a more constant concentration level. The wet deposition measurements show a decreasing trend in the content of acid (protons), sulphate, ammonium and nitrate, though for the nitrogen compounds it is only a slight fall. A decrease in concentrations of protons and sulphate is also seen in the throughfall measurements, in throughfall the nitrogen compounds hardly seem to decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186161
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ammonia and nitric acid dry deposition and throughfall (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2211-2216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: ammonia ; nitric acid ; dry deposition ; throughfall
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Since 1991 measurements of fluxes of ammonia have been carried out periodically at a forest location in the western part of Denmark. The ammonia deposition velocities and fluxes are estimated from gradient measurements done by denuders and micrometeorology. The deposition velocities showed a large variation, ranging from deposition mainly governed by the atmospheric transport with fast adsorption at the surface to emission. Nitric acid deposition velocities and fluxes were measured in a period in May 1993 and the data indicate deposition mainly governed by the atmospheric transport and fast adsorption at the surface. The measured ammonia fluxes and an estimate for the particulate ammonium flux are compared to a nine year mean value of the net throughfall from Norway Spruce at the location.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186162
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