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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 71.10.+x ; 71.28.+d ; 79.20.Fv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Due to their sensitivity to electron-correlation effects,CVV Auger-electron (AES) and appearance-potential spectroscopy (APS) can provide useful information on the electronic structure of solids. Correlations among the valence-band electrons (VV correlations) as well as correlations between the valence-band and the core electrons (CV correlations) are responsible for a variety of effects. StrongVV correlations are well known to give rise to sharp satellites in the spectra, which are related to localized two-hole (electron) final states. On the other hand, the screening of the core-hole potential in the initial state for AES, the sudden response of the valence-band electrons after the destruction of the core hole, and, for APS, the scattering of the valence-band electrons at the core hole are all consequences ofCV correlations. Up to now, however, little is known about the combined influence of both types of correlations on the spectra. We present a new theoretical approach that refers to the general case of a model system with arbitrary band-filling and arbitrary strengths ofVV as well asCV correlations. Remaining restrictions and simplifications concerning the degeneracy of the valence band, the transition matrix elements, etc. can be improved systematically. Of course, this generality can only be achieved at the expense of inevitable approximations in the theoretical formulation. The AES and APS intensities are given by properly defined three-particle Green functions, which are determined by use of a diagrammatic vertex-correction method that is based on the three-particle ladder approximation, which is the main idea of our approach. It is a direct generalization of the two-particle ladder approximation, which in the past has been applied for the calculation of two-particle Green functions that are related to the AES and APS intensities, ifCV correlations can be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gravitationally collapsed objects that may have been created by density fluctuations in the early universe and could have arbitrarily small masses down to the Planck scale. Hawking showed that due to quantum effects, a black hole has a temperature inversely proportional to its mass and will emit all species of fundamental particles thermally. PBHs with initial masses of approx.5.0 x 10(exp 14) g should be expiring in the present epoch with bursts of high-energy particles, including gamma radiation in the GeV-TeV energy range. The Milagro high energy observatory, which operated from 2000 to 2008, is sensitive to the high end of the PBH evaporation gamma-ray spectrum. Due to its large field-of-view, more than 90% duty cycle and sensitivity up to 100 TeV gamma rays, the Milagro observatory is well suited to perform a search for PBH bursts. Based on a search on the Milagro data, we report new PBH burst rate density upper limits over a range of PBH observation times. In addition, we report the sensitivity of the Milagro successor, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, to PBH evaporation events.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN34614 , Astroparticle Physics (ISSN 0927-6505); 64; 4-12
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: TeV-flaring activity with timescales as short as tens of minutes and an orphan TeV flare have been observed from the blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421). The TeV emission from Mrk 421 is believed to be produced by leptonic synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission. In this scenario, correlations between the X-ray and the TeV fluxes are expected, TeV orphan flares are hardly explained, and the activity (measured as duty cycle) of the source at TeV energies is expected to be equal to or less than that observed in X-rays if only SSC is considered. To estimate the TeV duty cycle of Mrk 421 and to establish limits on its variability at different timescales, we continuously observed Mrk 421 with the Milagro observatory. Mrk 421 was detected by Milagro with a statistical significance of 7.1 standard deviations between 2005 September 21 and 2008 March 15. The observed spectrum is consistent with previous observations by VERITAS. We estimate the duty cycle of Mrk 421 for energies above 1 TeV for different hypotheses of the baseline flux and for different flare selections and we compared our results with the X-ray duty cycle estimated by Resconi et al. The robustness of the results is discussed.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN23306 , The Astrophysical Journal; 782; 2; 110
    Format: application/pdf
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