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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 60 (1927), S. 2388-2390 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Based on molecular and morphological data we investigated the taxonomy and phylogeny of the ectomycorrhizal genus Tricholoma in northern Europe. Our phylogenetic tree confirmed the presence of at least 72 well circumscribed species within the region. Of these, three species, viz. T. boreosulphurescens, T. bryogenum and T. ilkkae are described as new to science, based on morphological, distributional, ecological and molecular data. Several other terminal branches represent putative cryptic taxa nested within classical species or species groups. Molecular type studies and/or designation of sequenced neotypes are needed in these groups, before the taxonomy can be settled. In general our phylogenetic analysis supported previous suprageneric classification systems, but with some substantial changes. Most notably, T. virgatum and allies were found to belong to sect. Tricholoma rather than sect. Atrosquamosa, while T. focale was found to be clearly nested in sect. Genuina rather than in sect. Caligata. In total, ten sections are accepted, with five species remaining unassigned. The combination of morphological and molecular data showed pileus colour, pileipellis structure, presence of clamp connections and spore size to be rather conservative characters within accepted sections, while the presence of a distinct ring, and especially host selection were highly variable within these.
    Keywords: Agarics ; biogeography ; cryptic species ; ectomycorrhizal fungi ; host selection ; morphological traits ; phylogeny ; Tricholomataceae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 35 (1985), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 65F05 ; 65F15 ; 65F35 ; Eigenvalue problem ; test matrix ; mathematical software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Analyse und Beurteilung von mathematischer Software sind Testbeispiele mit Informationen über die exakte Lösung von großer Bedeutung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften einer reellen nichtsymmetrischen Matrix untersucht, die bei der Untersuchung von Verfahren zur Lösung von Eigenwertaufgaben häufig als Modellproblem genommen wird.
    Notes: Abstract Some properties of a matrix are reported which should be useful for creting large test eigenvalue problems with a prescribed condition number and a known solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanism of Mass Spectrometric Fragmentations, XV. Steric and Conformational Effects in the Mass Spectra of 5-tert-Butyl-1,3-cyclohexandiol and its Methyl EthersThe mass spectra of the three stereoisomers 5 - 7 of 5-tert-butyl-1,3-cyclohexanediol, of the monomethyl ethers 8 - 11, and of the dimethyl ethers 12 - 14 can be distinguished by steric controlled eliminations of H2O, CH2O and CH3OH which are typically for 1,3-cyclohexandiols. Further-more an elimination of the tert-butyl substituent as C4H8 is observed specifically in the mass spectra of 7 and its derivatives 11 and 14. - An analysis of the mass spectrometric fragmentation of deuterated derivatives shows, that the molecular ions of 5 and 6 and of their derivatives fragment exclusively from the ground conformation, while the molecular ions of 7 and its derivatives change their conformations before fragmentation. This difference in the behaviour of the molecular ions is explained on the basis of concurrent stereospecific fragmentation and changes in the conformation.
    Notes: Die Massenspektren der drei Stereoisomeren 5-7 des 5-tert-Butyl-1,3-cyclohexandiols, der Monomethyläther 8-11 und der Dimethyläther 12-14 unterscheiden sich durch die für Derivate des 1,3-Cyclohexandiols charakteristischen, sterisch kontrollierten Eliminierungsreaktionen von H2O, CH2O und CH3OH. Für 7 und seine Derivate 11 und 14 wird außerdem spezifisch die Abspaltung des tert-Butylsubstituenten als C4H8 beobachtet. - Die Analyse der massenspektrometrischen Fragmentierungen mit Hilfe deuterierter Derivate zeigt, daß die Molekül-Ionen von 5 und 6 sowie deren Derivate ausschließlich in der Grundkonformation fragmentieren, während die Molekül-Ionen von 7 und seinen Derivaten vor der Fragmentierung Konformationsänderungen erleiden. Dieses unterschiedliche Verhalten wird durch eine Konkurrenz zwischen schneller sterisch kontrollierter Fragmentierung und Konformationsänderung der Molekül-Ionen erklärt.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanisms of Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation Reactions, VI. Elimination of Ethylene from Molecular Ions of TetralinFrom the mass spectra of deuterated tetralins it is concluded that loss of ethylene from the molecular ion of tetralin is not a retro-Diels-Alder reaction but involves the formation of ions having the structure of phenylcyclobutane or tetrahydroazulene as intermediates. Metastable ions and heats of formation of the ions in the mass spectra of these compounds have been determined and have been compared with the corresponding values of ions of different origin. The results indicate rearrangement of tetralin ions to tetrahydroazulene ions.
    Notes: Aus den Massenspektren deuterierter Tetraline läßt sich ablesen, daß der Zerfall der Molekül-Ionen des Tetralins unter Verlust von Äthylen nicht wie bisher angenommen durch eine Retro-Diels-Alder-Spaltung erfolgt, sondern daß Ionen mit der Struktur von Phenylcyclobutan oder Tetrahydroazulen als Zwischenstufe auftreten müssen. Die metastabilen Zerfälle und Bildungsenthalpien der -Ionen in den Massenspektren dieser Verbindungen werden untersucht und mit entsprechenden Werten für -Ionen anderen Ursprungs verglichen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine Umwandlung der Tetralin-Ionen in Tetrahydroazulen-Ionen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 1962-1977 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of a Synchronous or Two Step Fragmention of Molecular Ions of 3-Substituted TropanesThe fragmentation of molecular ions of stereoisomeric tropanes with different substituents at position 3 has been studied. It is shown by comparison of MIKE-spectra and A(ion)-measurements, that the ions a are formed independently from the configuration at C(3). No indications of a synchronous cleavage of the bonds C(1) - C(2) and C(3) - X are obtained, but the ions a arise from a two step process, starting with α-cleavage of the molecular ions. This fragmentation is not governed by stereoelectronic requirements, thus the intensities of ions a cannot be used for a mass spectrometric identification of 3α- and 3β-tropane derivatives.
    Notes: Die Fragmentierung der Molekül-Ionen von stereoisomeren Tropanen mit verschiedenen Substituenten in Position 3 (1-11) zu den Ionen m/e = 124 durch Abspaltung des Substituenten wird untersucht. Durch Vergleich der MIKE-Spektren und durch A(Ion)-Messungen wird gezeigt, daß unabhängig von der Konfiguration an C(3) die Ionen a entstehen. Es werden keine Hinweise für eine synchrone Spaltung der C(1) - C(2)- und der C(3) - X-Bindung entsprechend einer Fragmentierung nach Grab erhalten, sondern die Ionen a entstehen in einem zweistufigen Prozeß, beginnend mit einer α-Spaltung der Molekül-Ionen. Der Zerfall unterliegt keinen stereoelektronischen Bedingungen; die Intensität der Ionen a kann daher nicht zu einer einfachen massenspektrometrischen Identifizierung von 3α- und 3β-Tropanderivaten benutzt werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 7 (1924), S. 995-1012 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 4 (1921), S. 295-297 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 8 (1925), S. 74-83 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 4 (1921), S. 796-801 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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