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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 596 (1991), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Calcium oxychloride ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: An Oxychloride of Calcium: Ca4OCl6Ca4OCl6 (hexagonal, P63mc, Z = 2), a = 905.8(3), c = 686.3(4) pm, (R = 0.031) crystallizes as colourless needles from reducing melts (CaCl2, Ca) that contain small amounts of „oxygen“. It contains „isolated“ tetrahedral units [Ca4O] and is isotypic with e.g., Ba4OCl6, Yb4OCl6 and K6HgS4. Ca4OCl6 does not form in the dehydration process of, for example, CaCl2 · 6 H2O.
    Notes: Ca4OCl6 (hexagonal, P63mc, Z = 2, a = 905.8(3)); c = 686.3(4) pm, (R = 0,031) kristallisiert in Form farbloser Nadeln aus „reduzierenden Schmelzen“ (CaCl2, Ca), die wenig „Sauerstoff“ enthalten. Es enthält „isolierte“ tetraedrische [Ca4O]-Einheiten und ist isotyp mit z. B. Ba4OCl6, Yb4OCl6 oder K6HgS4. Ca4OCl6 entsteht nicht beim Entwässern von z. B. CaCl2 · 6 H2O.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Gadolinium sesquihalide ; interstitial carbon units ; crystal structure ; electronic structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6, ein interstitiell stabilisiertes, heteroleptisches Gadoliniumsesquihalogenid[Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6 erhält man aus CsI, Gd, GdCl3 und C2I4 in verschweißten Niob-Ampullen bei 1000/800°C in Form von schwarzen, glänzenden Nadeln. Die Kristallstruktur (tetragonal; P4/mbm; Z = 2; a = 1347,5(1); c = 1212,5(1) pm) ist ähnlich wie jene von Na[Mo4]O6 bzw. [Sc4B]Cl6. Trans-kantenverknüpfte [Gd6]-Oktaeder verlaufen parallel [001]. Sie enthalten interstitielle C2-Einheiten, Jedes dritte Oktaeder enthält fehlgeordnete C2-Einheiten, senkrecht zu jenen in den benachbarten [Gd6(C2)]-Oktaedern. Diese sind daher entlang der (pseudo)-C4-Achse gestaucht. Rechnungen zur elektronischen Struktur zeigen, daß insgesamt 13 Elektronen zur Auffüllung aller Metall-Metall-bindenden Zustände für eine „leere“ [Gd4]Cl6-Struktur nötig wären. Die Einlagerung der C2-Dimeren verändert die Bindungsverhältnisse in [Gd4(C2)]X6 (X = Cl, I) erheblich. Die formale Ladung von -6 der C2-Einheit wird durch das Aufsplitten der πg-Zustände reduziert, Gd—Gd und Gd—C-bindende Zustände werden besetzt und bindende dx2-y2-Orbitale kombinieren zu den am niedrigsten liegenden nicht besetzten Zuständen.
    Notes: [Gd4(C2)](Cl, I)6 is obtained from CsI, Gd, GdCl3 and C2I4 in sealed niobium containers at 1000/800°C as black, shiny needles. The crystal structure (tetragonal, P4/mbm, Z = 2, a = 1347.5(1), c = 1212.5(1) pm) is similar to that of Na[Mo4]O6 and [Sc4B]Cl6. It may be regarded as being built from octahedra sharing common trans edges running in the [001] direction. The octahedra contain C2 units as interstitials. Every third octahedron contains a disordered C2 unit perpendicular to those in the two neighboring [Gd6(C2)] octahedra and is therefore compressed in the direction of the (pseudo) C4 axis. Calculations of the electronic structure of an “empty” [Gd4]Cl6 structure reveals a total of 13 electrons necessary to occupy all metal-metal bonding states. The incorporation of a carbon dimer substantially alters the bonding conditions for [Gd4(C2)]X6 (X = Cl, I). The formal charge of -6 of the C2 unit is significantly reduced as πg states split up, Gd—Gd and Gd—C bonding states are occupied and bonding dx2—y2 orbitals combine to form the lowest unoccupied energy states.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Die EU strebt in ihrer Strategie "Europa 2020" eine absolute Entkopplung der Wirtschaftsleistungen vom Verbrauch natürlicher Ressourcen an. Doch ist Wirtschaftswachstum mit einer gleichzeitigen Reduktion der Ressourcennutzung möglich?
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular Biology 243 (1994), S. 683-695 
    ISSN: 0022-2836
    Keywords: Clostridium acidurici ; [4Fe-4S] cluster ; [abr] Av; Azotobacter vinelandii ; [abr] Cau; Clostridium acidurici ; [abr] Cp; Clostridium pasteurianum ; [abr] Fd; ferredoxin ; [abr] Pas; Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus ; [abr] rms; root-mean-square ; crystal structure ; electron transfer ; ferrodoxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 602 (1991), S. 31-37 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali-iodoindates(III) ; indium ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Alkali-tetraiodoindates(III), AInI4 (A = Li, K, Rb, Cs)Single crystals of the yellow alkaliiodoindates(III), AInI4 (A = Li, K, Rb, Cs), are obtained from mixtures of the binary components by slow cooling of the melts. LiInI4 is isotypic with LiAlCl4: monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4; a = 838.9(4); b = 751.2(3); c = 1526,7(8) pm; β = 92.67(4)°. KInI4 belongs to the ATIX4 type of structure (A = NH4, K, Rb; X = Br, I): cubic, F4 3c, Z = 24; a = 1990.8(1) pm. RbInI4 crystallizes with the β-GaBr2 type: trigonal, R3c, Z = 18; a = 2452.6(6); c = 978.6(4) pm. CsInI4 is isostructural with CsTII4: monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4; a = 738.4(1); b = 1875.7(3); c = 853.6(2) pm; β = 105.75(2)°. In all structures almost regular tetrahedral polyhedra [InI4]- occur. The coordination numbers of the alkali cations cover the wide range from 6 (Li+) via 9 (Rb+) and 11 (Cs+) to 12 (K1+).
    Notes: Einkristalle der gelben Iodoindate(III) der Alkalimetalle, AInI4 (A = Li, K, Rb, Cs), erhält man aus Gemengen der binären Komponenten durch langsames Abkühlen der Schmelzen. LiInI4 ist isotyp mit LiAlCl4: monoklin, P21/c, Z = 4; a = 838,9(4); b = 751,2(3); c = 1526,7(8) pm; β = 92,67(4)°. KInI4 gehört zum ATIX4-Typ (A= NH4, K, Rb; X= Br, I): kubisch, F4 3c, Z = 24; a = 1990,8(1) pm. RbInI4 kristallisiert im β-Ga[GaBr4]-Typ: trigonal, R3c, Z = 18; a = 2452,6(6); c = 978,6(4) pm. CsInI4 ist isotyp mit CsTII4: monoklin, P21/c, Z = 4; a = 738,4(1); b = 1875,7(3); c = 853,6(2) pm; β = 105,75(2)°. Stets liegen annähernd tetraedrische Baugruppen [InI4]- vor. Die Koordinationszahlen der Alkali-Kationen überstreichen das Spektrum von 6 (Li+) über 9 Rb+, 11 (Cs+) bis 12 (K1+).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 607 (1992), S. 91-95 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Rhenium complexes ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Hydronium-tris-ethylenediamine-cobalt(rhodium)-μ-trichloro-nonachlorotrirhenate(III)-chloride, H3O[MEn3][Re3Cl12]Cl (M=Co, Rh)The chlorides H3O[MEn3][Re3Cl12]CI (M = Co, 1; Rh, 2) crystallize from hydrochloric acid solutions of ReCl3 and MEn3 · 3H2O as deep red hexagonal columns. They are isotypic and crystallize with the hexagonal system (P6, Z = 1; 1: a = 1010.87(3); c = 794.30(4) pm, R = 0.023, Rw = 0.016; 2: a = 1018.58(3); c = 794.74(4) pm, R = 0.026, Rw = 0.018). The anions [Re3Cl12]3- are connected via H3O+ cation (C.N. 3). The large channels that run in the [001] direction contain, alternatively, the cations [MEn3]3+ and the lonesome Cl--anions
    Notes: Die Chloride H3O[MEn3][Re3CI12]CI(M = Co, 1; Rh, 2) Kristallisieren in Form tiefroter hexagonaler Säulen aus salzsauren Lösungen von ReCI3 und MEn3CI3 · 3H2O aus. Sie sind isotyp und Kristallisieren im hexagonalen System (P6, Z = 1; 1: a = 1010,87(3); C = 794,30(4)pm, Rw = 0,016; : a = 1018,58(3); c = 794,74(4)pm, R = 0,026, Rw = 0,018). Die Anionen [ Re3Cl12]3- werden über H3O+ (C.N. 3) verknüpft; in die entstehenden Kanäle sind längs [001] abwechselnd die Kationen [MEn3]3+ und die einsamen Cl--Ionen eingelagert.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 615 (1992), S. 16-18 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ytterbium nitrates ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular and Crystal Structure of Ytterbium(III)-triaqua-trinitrate, Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3 crystallizes from a concentrated solution of Yb2O3 in nitric acid in a vacuum desiccator at ambient temperature as colourless single crystals. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal four-circle diffractometer data (R3, Z = 6, a = 1175.5(1), c = 1117.7(2) pm, Vm = 134.25 cm3/mol, R = 3.0%, Rw = 2.9%). The structure may be viewed at as a heavily compressed packing of [Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3] molecules. Yb3+ is coordinated by three bidentate nitrate ligands and three water molecules so that a tricapped trigonal prism (C.N. 9) of oxygen atoms results as the coordination polyhedron.
    Notes: Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3 kristallisiert aus einer konzentrierten Lösung von Yb2O3 in Salpetersäure im Vakuumexsikkator bei Raumtemperatur in Form farbloser Einkristalle aus. Die Kristallstruktur wurde aus Einkristall-Vierkreis-Diffraktometer-Daten bestimmt (R3, Z = 6, a = 1175,5(1), c = 1117,7(2) pm, Vm = 134,25 cm3/mol, R = 3,0%, Rw = 2,9%). Sie kann als stark gestauchte Kugelpackung von [Yb(H2O)3(NO3)3]- Molekülen aufgefaßt werden. In diesen ist Yb3+ von drei zweizähnigen Nitratliganden und drei Wassermolekülen in Form eines dreifach bekappten trigonalen Prismas (C. N. 9) von Sauerstoffatomen umgeben.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1532-1536 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Erbium Clusters, [Er10(C2)2] ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cs[Er10(C2)2]I18 and [Er10(C2)2]Br18: Two New Examples for Reduced Halides of the Lanthanides with Isolated [M10(C2)2] ClustersCs[Er10(C2)2]I18 is obtained from the reaction of ErI3 with caesium and carbon in sealed tantalum containers at 700°C and [Er10(C2)2]Br18 through the metallothermic reduction of ErBr3 with rubidium in the presence of carbon at 750°C in sealed niobium containers. The crystal structures {Cs[Er10(C2)2]I18: triclinic, P1; a = 1 105.2(8) pm, b = 1 112.0(7) pm; c = 1 122.9(8) pm; α = 66.91(3)°, β = 87.14(3)°; γ = 60.80(3)°; Z = 1; R = 0.049, Rw = 0.043; [Er10(C2)2]Br18: monoclinic, P21/n, a = 971.8(6) pm, b = 1 623.4(9) pm, c = 1 163.8(6) pm, β = 104.00(6)°; Z = 2; R = 0.077, Rw = 0.057} contain isolated dimeric [Er10(C2)2] clusters. Due to the inclusion of C2 units, the octahedra are elongated in the direction of the pseudo C4 axis. The connecting edges of the two octahedra are exceptionally short (316.7 pm and 314.8 pm respectively). The dimeric units are connected via Xi-a and Xa-i (X = Br, I) bridges according to [Er10(C2)2X10iX8/2i-a]X8/2a-i. Cs+ is surrounded by a cuboctahedron of iodide ions in Cs[Er10(C2)2]I18.
    Notes: Cs[Er10(C2)2]I18 entsteht bei der Umsetzung von Erl3 mit Caesium und Kohlenstoff in verschweißten Tantalampullen bei 700°C, [Er10(C2)2]Br18 bei der metallothermischen Reduktion von ErBr3 mit Rubidium in Gegenwart von Kohlenstoff bei 750°C in verschweißten Niobampullen. Die Kristallstrukturen {Cs[Er10(C2)2]I18: triklin, P1; a = 1 105,2(8) pm; b = 1 112,0(7) pm; c = 1 122,9(7) pm; α = 66,91(3)°; β = 87,14(3)°; γ = 60,80(3)°; Z = 1; R = 0,049, Rw = 0,043; [Er10(C2)2]Br18: monoklin, P21/n; a = 971,8(6); b = 1 623,4(9); c = 1 163,8(6); β = 104,00(6)°; Z = 2; R = 0,077, Rw = 0,057} beinhalten isolierte dimere [Er10(C2)2]-Cluster. Wegen des Einbaus der C2-Hantel sind die Oktaeder entlang ihrer pseudovierzähligen Achse gestreckt. Die verknüpfenden Oktaederkanten weisen einen besonders kurzen Metall-Metall-Abstand auf (316,7 bzw. 314,8 pm). Die dimeren Einheiten sind über Xi-a bzw. Xa-i-Brücken (X = Br, I) miteinander verknüpft, gemäß [Er10(C2)2X10iX8/2i-a]X8/2a-i. Cs+ ist in Cs[Er10(C2)2]I18 kuboktaederisch von Iodidionen umgeben.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali uranium halides, A2UX5 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br, I) ; preparation ; crystal structure ; magnetic susceptibility ; UV-Vis spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese, Kristallstruktur, Magnetismus und Absorptionsspektren von Halogeniden des Typs A2UX5 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br, I)Die ternären Uran(III)-halogenide A2UX5 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br, I) wurden aus den binären Komponenten AX und UX3 in verschweißten Tantalampullen gewonnen. Nach Guinier-Aufnahmen (Raumtemperatur) kristallisieren sie sämtlich im K2PrCl5/Y2HfS5-Typ. Einkristall-Strukturverfeinerungen wurden für K2UI5 und Rb2UCl5 unternommen. Magnetische Suszeptibilitätsmessungen erfolgten mit einem SQUID-Magnetometer von Raumtemperatur bis zur Temperatur des flüssigen Heliums: Eindimensionale (innerhalb einer Kette) und dreidimensionale antiferromagnetische Ordnung wird bei tiefen Temperaturen, abhängig vom Abstand U3+—U3+, beobachtet. Absorptionsspektren wurden zwischen 4000 und 28000 cm-1 aufgenommen. Sie zeigen die für U3+ charakteristischen Übergänge und, abhängig vom Halogenid, sehr starke f - d Übergänge oberhalb 14000 bzw. 15000 cm-1.
    Notes: The ternary uranium(III) halides A2UX5 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br, I) have been prepared from the binary components AX and UX3 in sealed tantalum containers. According to their Guinier X-ray powder patterns, they all crystallize with the K2PrCl5/Y2HfS5 type of structure. Lattice constants for ambient temperature are reported. Single-crystal structure refinemens were undertaken for K2UI5 and Rb2UCl5. Magnetic susceptibility data were recorded with a SQUID magnetometer from liquid helium to room temperature. One-dimensional (intrachain) and three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering occur at low temperatures dependent upon the U3+—U3+ distance. Absorption spectra were recorded between 4 000 and 28 000 cm-1. They show f - f transitions typical for U3+ and, depending on the halide, very strong f - d transitions above 14 000 to 15 000 cm-1, respectively.
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