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  • 550 - Earth sciences  (2)
  • Facies  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Geochemistry ; Clay mineralogy ; Weathering ; Diagenesis ; Rhine ; Facies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: 2 O contents, which can be attributed to the Alpine source supplying fresh, sodic plagioclase-rich material instead of the local, strongly weathered sediments. Increasing K2O/Al2O3 can be attributed to a similar decrease in degree of weathering. However, this trend is disturbed by the loss of K from clay minerals during weathering in organic-rich layers. Local high TiO2 anomalies, caused by preferential sorting and concentration, are found in most Pliocene sections, but they are absent in the Upper Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene Alpine-derived deposits. This change is probably due to a change in the energy of the fluvial system. Finally, (pyrite-) S contents drop (siderite-) Fe contents rise. Micromorphological observations indicate that the Pliocene pyrite was formed when freshwater deposits were flooded with seawater during short-term events. The decrease in S, and the increase in siderite-Fe, can be attributed to decreasing marine influence, as a result of the marine regression at the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: River-borne quartz carries a cosmogenic nuclide memory that is a function of the catchment-wide erosion rate. This record may be preserved in fluvial deposits such as river terraces. If the age of a terrace is independently known and transport time in the river system is relatively short, then the upstream erosion rate at the time of terrace deposition can be determined. We have used cosmogenic nuclides to date river terraces in the lower Meuse catchment, the Netherlands, and to obtain a 1.3 Ma record of paleoerosion rates in a 104-km2 drainage basin comprising the Ardennes Mountains. Paleoerosion rates were uniform within the range of 25–35 mm/ka from 1.3 to 0.7 Ma. After 0.7 Ma, erosion rates have increased progressively to Late Pleistocene values of around 80 mm/ka. Around 0.7 Ma, both climatic and tectonic boundary conditions changed. The amplitude and duration of climate cycles increased significantly, resulting in long periods of sustained low temperatures in the Meuse catchment. In addition, an episode of magmatic underplating and mafic volcanism in the nearby Eifel caused up to 250 m of surface uplift in the Meuse catchment. The main streams in the region have responded to the perturbation at 0.7 Ma within a few 105 yr. Our data indicate that the catchment-wide response time is much longer. Further investigations are required to attribute the observed increase in paleoerosion rates to one or the other mechanism discussed.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Cosmogenic 10Be in river-borne quartz sand records a time-integrated erosion rate representative of an entire drainage basin. When sequestered in a terrace of known age, paleo-erosion rates may be recovered from the nuclide content of the terrace material. Paleo-erosion rates between 30 and 80 mm/kyr are determined from terrace sediments 200 to 30 000 yr in age of the Allier and Dore Rivers, France, and the Meuse (Maas) River, the Netherlands. Erosion rates determined from cosmogenic nuclides on terraces from the Allier River are consistent with rates derived fromthe sedimentary fill of a lake in the Allier catchment. A strong decrease in cosmogenic nuclide-derived erosion rates from terraces of the Meuse River with Late Pleistocene to Holocene age is observed. The paleo-erosion signal from cosmogenic nuclides records projection of the elevated Late Pleistocene erosion rate into the time-integrated rates derived from Middle European rivers.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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