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  • Organic Chemistry  (6)
  • Early hominid  (2)
  • Zn-Mangel  (2)
  • 25.55.-e  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Human Evolution 15 (1986), S. 325-332 
    ISSN: 0047-2484
    Keywords: Australopithecus ; Early hominid ; Garusi ; Hadar ; premaxilla
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Human Evolution 15 (1986), S. 325-332 
    ISSN: 0047-2484
    Keywords: Australopithecus ; Early hominid ; Garusi ; Hadar ; premaxilla
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 24 (1985), S. 79-84 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Zn-Mangel ; alkalische Ribonuclease Aktivität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The purpose of this paper was to show whether the activity of the zinc-dependent enzyme alkaline ribonuclease in zinc-sensitive tissues allows conclusions to be drawn on the Zn supply status. For this 27 weaned male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups of 9 animals each. A Zn deficiency group, which was given a diet with a Zn content of 3 ppm ad libitum, was compared to a pair-fed and an ad libitum control group with a Zn content in the diet of 60 ppm each. After 22 trial days the animals were killed, and the zinc and protein contents as well as the activity of the alkaline ribonuclease in the serum, testicles, femur, urine, liver, and kidneys were determined. Although the Zn concentration in the serum, testicles, femur, and kidneys of the deficiency animals were significantly reduced, the alkaline ribonuclease showed an increased activity only in the kidneys, in the testicles the activity was reduced, and in the serum, femur, urine and liver it remained unchanged. The protein concentration in serum and femur was reduced because of Zn deficiency, whereas the decrease in testicles, liver and kidneys must be attributed to the reduced feed intake. The influence of the dietary Zn deficiency on the activity of the alkaline ribonuclease was therefore more the result of an altered feed intake and growth rate than a direct effect of zinc on the enzymatic system. Therefore the determination of the activity of the alkaline ribonuclease can be excluded as a parameter for the diagnosis of Zn supply and Zn deficiency.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, zu zeigen, ob die Aktivität des zinkabhängigen Enzyms alkalische Ribonuclease in zinksensitiven Geweben Rückschlüsse auf den Zn-Versorgungsstatus zuläßt. Hierzu wurden 27 entwöhnte männliche Sprague-Dawley-Ratten in drei Gruppen zu je 9 Tieren eingeteilt. Dabei standen einer Zn-Mangelgruppe, die eine Diät mit einem Zn-Gehalt von 3 ppm zur freien Verfügung erhielt, eine Pair-fed sowie eine Ad-libitum-Kontrollgruppe mit einem Diät-Zn-Gehalt von jeweils 60 ppm gegenüber. Nach 22 Versuchstagen wurden die Tiere getötet, die Zink- und Proteingehalte sowie die Aktivität der alkalischen Ribonuclease in Serum, Hoden, Femur, Urin, Leber und Nieren bestimmt. Obwohl die Zn-Konzentrationen in Serum, Hoden, Femur und Nieren der Mangeltiere signifikant erniedrigt waren, zeigte die alkalische Ribonuclease nur in den Nieren eine erhöhte, in den Hoden jedoch eine reduzierte und in Serum, Femur, Urin und Leber eine unveränderte Aktivität. Die Proteinkonzentration war in Serum und Femur infolge des Zn-Mangels erniedrigt, wogegen die Abnahme in Hoden, Leber und Nieren der verminderten Futteraufnahme zugeschrieben werden mußte. Die Wirkung des Diät-Zn-Mangels auf die Aktivität der alkalischen Ribonuclease war also mehr die Folge einer veränderten Futteraufnahme und Wachstumsrate als eines direkten Effektes von Zink auf das Enzymsystem. Somit scheidet die Aktivitätsbestimmung der alkalischen Ribonuclease als Parameter zur Diagnose der Zn-Versorgung und des Zn-Mangels aus.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 30 (1991), S. 98-108 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Zn-Mangel ; Ca-Mangel ; Hämolyseresistenz derErythrozyten ; Diätfett ; Zndeficiency ; Cadeficiency ; osmotic fragility oferythrocytes ; dietaryfat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In an earlier Zn-deficiency experiment (8) pair-fed-control rats surprisingly showed a 100 % increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes against hypotonic sodium chloride solutions. Because coconut fat, whitch is very low in essential fatty acids, was used, a deficiency of essential fatty acids was assumed. When the experiment was repeated the diet's coconut fat was replaced by sunflower oil (21 % oleic acid, 69 % linoleic acid). The erythrocytes of the animals with Zn-deficiency showed an increase in osmotic fragility as against the control groups fed ad libitum. The data of the pair-fed control animals was in between those two groups and did not differ from the other two groups. Using sunflower oil instead of coconut fat decreased the osmotic fragility of the pair-fed animal's erythrocytes in opposition to the preceding experiment up to 100 %. Additional Ca deficiency increased the osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes significantly in all three groups. When the Zn and Ca deficiency animals were repleted over 5 days on the basic diet the osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes was decreased significantly. The results show that the use of coconut fat in a restrictive diet causes essential fatty-acid deficiency. It ist also shown that the osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes depends partially on the status of Zn in dietary fat as well.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem vorangegangenen Zn-Mangel-Versuch (8) zeigten Pair-fed-Kontrollratten überraschenderweise eine um 100 % verschlechterte Hämolyseresistenz der Erythrozyten gegenüber hypotonen Kochsalzlösungen. Wegen der Verwendung von Kokosfett, das sehr arm an essentiellen Fettsäuren ist, wurde ein Mangel an essentiellen Fettsäuren vermutet. In einem Wiederholungsversuch wurde das verwendete Kokosfett in der Diät durch Sonnenblumenöl (21 % Ölsäure, 69 % Linolsäure) ersetzt. Es zeigte sich eine erhöhte Hämolyseempfindlichkeit der Erythrozyten der Zn-Mangel-Tiere gegenüber den Ad-libitum-Kontrolltieren. Die Werte der Pair-fed-Kontrolltiere lagen dazwischen und unterschieden sich nicht von den beiden anderen Gruppen. Die Verwendung von Sonnenblumenöl statt Kokosfett verbesserte die Hämolyseresistenz der Erythrozyten bei den Pair-fed-Kontrolltieren gegenüber dem vorangegangenen Versuch um bis zu 100 %. Zusätzlicher Ca-Mangel verschlechterte die Hämolyseresistenz der Erythrozyten signifikant in allen 3 Gruppen. Eine 5tägige Repletion der Zn- und Ca-Mangel-Tiere mit der Basisdiät verbesserte die Hämolyseresistenz der Erythrozyten signifikant. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Verwendung von Kokosfett bei restriktiver Fütterung zu einem essentiellen Fettsäuremangel führt und die Hämolyseresistenz der Erythrozyten neben dem Zn-Status auch vom Diätfett abhängig ist.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.55.-e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neutron time-of-flight spectra were measured in coincidence withγ-rays characteristic for thexn (x=2, 3, 4, 5) fusion-like products in reactions of 35–57 MeVα-particles with124Sn. Additional information was obtained from excitation function andγ-multiplicity measurements. The neutron energy spectra for a specificx n channel at high bombarding energies clearly show the presence of nonequilibrium neutron emission. The spectra are parameterized in terms of emission from a slow equilibrated and a fast moving source. The fast moving source has a velocity close to the beam velocity indicating a close relationship between the movement of the projectile and the neutron emission.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 336 (1994), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Protonation and Solvatation of Weak Organic Bases. XIII. 1H-NMR Spectroscopic Determination of the Basicity of Aliphatic Aldehydes in H2O-H2SO4
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 563-565 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Protonation and Solvatation of Weak Organic Bases. XII. 1H-NMR Spectroscopic Determination of the Basicity of Aromatic Aldehydes in H2O-H2SO4
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 2 (1989), S. 117-130 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Gas phase ion/molecule reactions have been used to probe the structure of ions obtained by electron impact upon 1-(diphenylmethylene)cyclopropane and 2,2-diphenyl-1-methylenecyclopropane. The resulting ions of molecular composition C16H14 (m/z 206+) were reacted with charge transfer reagents (6·9 〈 IP 〈 8·8eV), giving evidence for the presence of isomeric ions with different reactivities. The less reactive ion is identified as a trimethylenemethane species (TMM+) in which one cyclopropane bond is broken; the more reactive ions are assigned as vertical ions in which the cyclopropane ring is unaffected. The vertical ions have recombination energies of 8·44 ± 0·05eV, whereas TMM+ has one of 7·41±0·05eV. The TMM+ fraction is not constant; it increases with increasing IP of the reagent. This is attributed to a reagent-catalyzed isomerization of the vertical ion to TMM+. In addition, the reagent ions are observed to undergo a unique reaction with the neutral methylenecyclopropane derivatives: electron transfer and ring opening to yield TMM+. These findings limit the application of the customary equilibrium measurements as a method to determine the substrate IP.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 331 (1989), S. 431-438 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Protonation and Solvation of Weak Organic Bases. VII. 1H-N.M.R. Spectroscopic Determination of the Basicity of Cyclic KetonesFrom protonation ratios for cycloalkanones of ring size C4-C7 in the acid system H2O—H2SO4—HSO3F, determined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, basicity and solvation parameters are estimated by application of extrapolation procedures based on the Hammett acidity function H0 or the excess acidity X. The frequency shifts of the n̈OH stretching vibrations of phenol in hydrogen bonded complexes with cycloalkanones have been measured. The ΔνOH values are related to the basicity parameter (H0)1/2.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 333 (1991), S. 785-788 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Protonation and Solvation of Weak Organic Bases. X.1H-NMR Spectroscopic Determination of the Basicity of Aliphatic Oximes in H2O—H2SO4
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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