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  • Articles  (11)
  • Engineering  (9)
  • 21.10.−k  (1)
  • 3-phosphoglycerate  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-spin states in89Nb,88Zr and88Nb with a shell-model description of theN=48 andN=47 nuclei (1985)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 321 (1985), S. 485-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.−k ; 21.60. Cs ; 23.20. −g
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reactions89Y(α,4nγ),89Y(α,p4nγ) and89Y(α,5nγ) were used to populate high-spin states in, respectively,89Nb,88Zr and the previously unstudied nucleus88Nb. These states were deduced via in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy. The results of a shell-model study ofN=4888Zr,90Mo,87Y,89Nb andN=4787Zr,88Nb nuclei are compared to experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411984
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphorus nutrition on the response of photosynthesis to CO2 and O2, activation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and amounts of ribulose bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate in spinach leaves (1988)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 15 (1988), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: phosphorus nutrition ; photosynthesis ; ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase ; ribulose bisphosphate ; 3-phosphoglycerate ; O2 partial pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phosphorus-deficient spinach plants were grown by transferring them to nutrient solutions without PO4. Photosynthetic rates were measured at a range of intercellular CO2 partial pressures from 50–500 μbar and then the leaves were freeze-clamped in situ to measure ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and metabolite concentrations. Compared with control leaves, deficient leaves had significantly lower photosynthetic rates, percentage activation of Rubisco, and amounts of ribulose bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate at all CO2 partial pressures. After feeding 10 mM PO4 to the petioles of detached deficient leaves, all these measurements increased within 2 hours. At atmospheric CO2 partial pressure the photosynthetic rate was stimulated in 19 mbar O2 compared with 200 mbar. At higher CO2 partial pressures this stimulation was less but the percentage stimulation in deficient leaves was no different from controls in either CO2 partial pressure. It was concluded that phosphorus deficiency affects both Rubisco activity and the capacity for ribulose bisphosphate regeneration, and possible causes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035257
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed formulation finite elements for mindlin theory plate bending (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 18 (1982), S. 1297-1311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two new finite elements are developed for the Mindlin theory plate bending problem. The formulation is based on the modified Hellinger-Reissner principle with independent transverse shear strains. Numerical examples indicate that, with properly assumed transverse shear strains, these new elements designated as PLAT8 and PLAT8H do not exhibit locking effect even for very thin plates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620180903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Jordan chains by extended matrices (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1998), S. 879-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: derogatory eigenproblems ; Jordan blocks ; Jordan chains ; Segre characteristic ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The major obstacle to determination of the Jordan chains for a highly degenerated eigenproblem is that the triangular combinations of the principal vectors in a Jordan chain are also principal vectors and the linear combinations of the eigenvectors of all Jordan blocks associated with the same eigenvalue are also eigenvectors. These indeterminate constants will hide the Jordan block structure and make the analysis very difficult. We propose an extended matrix method to find the Jordan chains and eliminate the indeterminate constants so that the Jordan block structure can be computed sequentially. An example with the Segre characteristic [(321)11] is given. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCG methods in transient FE analysis. Part II: Second order problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1567-1576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the Part I companion paper, various PCG (preconditioned conjugate gradient) strategies for solving the first order time dependent problem Mu̇ + Ku = f were compared. In all cases M was assumed to be the consistent ‘mass’ matrix arising out of conventional finite element semi-discretization of the partial differential equation, and not its lumped approximation. In the present paper, similar PCG strategies are applied to the second order time dependent problem Mü + Cu̇ + Ku = f. Again consistent M and C can be retained. Various global and element level preconditioners are compared and optimized.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280708
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCG methods in transient FE analysis. Part I: First order problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28 (1989), S. 1557-1566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The performances of some PCG (preconditioned conjugate gradient) algorithms are evaluated in the solution of first order time dependent parabolic partial differential equations, such as the heat conduction equation, which have been spatially discretized using finite elements. ‘Consistent mass’ discretizations are preferred by the authors to ‘lumped mass’ ones and various preconditioners are then compared - diagonal, incomplete Choleski and EBE (‘element-by-element’). Recommendations are made and implications for parallel computation outlined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620280707
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element solution for the continuum traffic equilibrium problems (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 43 (1998), S. 1253-1273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite element method ; continuum modelling ; traffic equilibrium ; user-optimal pattern ; fixed demand ; variable demand ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, we consider a city with a highly compact Central Business District (CBD), and the commuters’ destinations from the CBD are dispersed over the whole city. The street network is approximated as a continuum and commuters’ movements in the city are measured by the flow intensity, and the local travel cost depends on the location and the traffic flow intensity. We extend the continuum user equilibrium problem to deal with the case of variable demand, in which the traffic demand from any destination in the city to the CBD is assumed to be a function of both the destination location and the total travel cost to the CBD. An equivalent mathematical model is formulated and proved to satisfy the user equilibrium conditions, which is then solved by a finite element solution algorithm. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of unsteady fluid flow and propagation of a circular hydraulic fracture (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 9 (1985), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A computational procedure is developed for solving the problem of a circular hydraulic fracture propagating under the action of frac-0fluid being pumped in at a central wellbore. The crack is modelled as continuous distributions of ring dislocations and the resulting elasticity singular integral equation is solved numerically. The fluid flow equations are approximated by local and global interpolation finite difference schemes. The coupling between elasticity and fluid flow is handled numerically, by, two different algorithms: one iterates on crack tip velocity whereas the other varies the time step size until it agrees with the chosen increment in crack length. Sample results are given; it is found that the velocity algorithm is computationally more, efficient and more stable. The model allows detailed tracing of pressure distribution and fluid flow in the fracture, even under complex conditions of cyclic injection and fluid rheology. It may serve as a stand-alone model of (horizontal) hydrafracs-especially at shallow depths-or it may be used as a reference frame to test the various numerical formulation/algorithms required for the ongoing development of a fully 3-D hydrafrac simulator.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610090102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HYDRATION SWELLING OF WATER-ABSORBING ROCKS: A CONSTITUTIVE MODEL (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 403-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: swelling ; chemo-poroelasticity ; borehole stability ; osmosis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Water-absorbing rocks are formed from minerals that can hold water in their crystal structure or between grain boundaries. Such water absorption is often accompanied by a change in the crystal dimension that manifests itself as a swelling of the rock. Swelling is particularly pronounced in rocks containing phyllosilicates because of the ease with which these minerals hydrate; it is thus of geological and geotechnical relevance in shales, clay-rich soils and zeolitized tuffs. The model of hydration swelling that we present here is based on extended versions of the equations of poroelasticity and Darcy's transport law, which we derive using a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach. Our equations account for the hydration reaction under the assumption that the reaction rate is fast in comparison with the rate at which hydraulic state changes are communicated through the rock, i.e. that local physico-chemical equilibrium persists. Using a finite-element scheme for solving numerically the governing equations of our model, we simulate the creep of shales during a routine swelling test and calculate the stress and strain distributions around wellbores drilled in shale formations that undergo swelling. We show that swelling effects promote tensile failure of the wellbore wall.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A consistent mass EBE algorithm for linear parabolic systems (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 5 (1989), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: To date, EBE algorithms for parabolic systems have assumed that the mass or capacity matrix may be lumped (diagonalized). An algorithm is presented in which this lumping process is not necessary. The practical implications of these alternatives are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630050403
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