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  • 1
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H NMR ; NOESY ; COSY ; Paramagnetic ; Model haems ; Cytochromes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As part of an effort to assign completely the1H resonances of the pyrrole protons of model haems, the NOESY spectra of a series of unsymmetrically phenyl-substituted derivatives of a low-spin paramagnetic haem model complex tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron (III)bis(N-methylimidazole), [TPPFe(N-Meim)2]+, for which the COSY spectra have been reported previously, were recorded in CD2Cl2 or CDCl3 at temperatures of 30 to -35°C using a variety of mixing times. Fourphenomena of importance to the understanding of the cross-correlation patterns obtained in the NOESY spectra of these paramagnetic complexes were observed: (1) NOE cross peaks can be detected for these intermediate molecular weight complexes, even in non-viscous solvents; (2) for some complexes only one set of NOE cross peaks different from those previously observed in the COSY maps were obtained, whereas for other complexes two sets were observed; (3) cross correlations between protons in the same pyrrole ring (i.e. cross peaks previously observed in the COSY maps) were observed in the NOESY spectra of some complexes, but not of others; and (4) at ambient temperature, where axial ligand exchange is detectable through cross peaks between the methyl resonances of free and coordinated N-methylimidazole, additional sets of cross correlations between pairs of pyrrole protons, not observed at -35°C, were detecte d. Each of these phenomena is discussed and questions are raised concerning the cross-relaxation pathways leading to the observed NOESY maps of these paramagnetic complexes. At the present state of development of two-dimensional NMR studies of these paramagnetic model haem complexes, the electron density distribution in the orbital utilized for spin delocalization can be delineated (with some cautionary notes), but there still remains some ambiguity in the assignment of the fourpyrrole proton resonances of these mono-ortho-substituted tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(III)complexes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 6 (1981), S. 15-16 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analogy can be drawn between the sonic barrier in transonic flight, the thermal barrier in supersonic or hypersonic flight, and the limiting of the detonation process in high explosives.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 1 (1976), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general model for the shock initiation of explosive reaction in chemical explosives is proposed. The model is based on the concepts of: (1) the kinetics of decomposition in which ions and free radicals produced by the shock wave shear forces initiate chain reactions that contribute to and accelerate the decomposition produced by the thermally activated molecules; (2) the formation of statistically random reaction sites whose number in a specific explosive is a direct function of the shock pressure as the shock transits the explosive; and (3) a critical- energy-fluence requirement for initiation. This model appears to apply to explosive reaction in gases, liquids, and solids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 7 (1982), S. 2-7 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The contrast between a hydrodynamic model for shock initiation of explosives and a newer microscopic free-radical model is presented. The primary considerations of the free-radical model are that shock energy is very coherent and that it is strong enough to cause mechanical fracture of covalent bonds. The shock front on a microscopic scale is very narrow (∼5 Å to 15 Å) and thermal equilibrium does not exist in the front. The free atoms and radicals formed by the shear and acceleration forces in the shock front initiate the chemical reaction that leads to hot spots and the eventual decomposition of the explosive materials. Energy-release rates and vibrational velocities of the covalently bound atoms are factors in establishing detonation velocities. A number of explosives phenomena are discussed as the new model provides explanations for them. New information from molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations on shock waves in condensed systems and recent experimental data are shown to support the free-radical model.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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