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  • 1
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    Cloning of B7-2: a CTLA-4 counter-receptor that costimulates human T cell proliferation (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Disparate rates of molecular evolution in cospeciating hosts and parasites (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-19
    Description: DNA sequences for the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I in a group of rodents (pocket gophers) and their ectoparasites (chewing lice) provide evidence for cospeciation and reveal different rates of molecular evolution in the hosts and their parasites. The overall rate of nucleotide substitution (both silent and replacement changes) is approximately three times higher in lice, and the rate of synonymous substitution (based on analysis of fourfold degenerate sites) is approximately an order of magnitude greater in lice. The difference in synonymous substitution rate between lice and gophers correlates with a difference of similar magnitude in generation times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hafner, M S -- Sudman, P D -- Villablanca, F X -- Spradling, T A -- Demastes, J W -- Nadler, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1087-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, LA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Likelihood Functions ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phthiraptera/classification/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Rodentia/classification/*genetics/metabolism/*parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Interaction of the immunosuppressant deoxyspergualin with a member of the Hsp70 family of heat shock proteins (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-16
    Description: Deoxyspergualin (DSG) is a potent immunosuppressant whose mechanism of action remains unknown. To elucidate its mechanism of action, an intracellular DSG binding protein was identified. DSG has now been shown to bind specifically to Hsc70, the constitutive or cognate member of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) protein family. The members of the Hsp70 family of heat shock proteins are important for many cellular processes, including immune responses, and this finding suggests that heat shock proteins may represent a class of immunosuppressant binding proteins, or immunophilins, distinct from the previously identified cis-trans proline isomerases. DSG may provide a tool for understanding the function of heat shock proteins in immunological processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nadler, S G -- Tepper, M A -- Schacter, B -- Mazzucco, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 16;258(5081):484-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Guanidines/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolutionary relationships of rotifers and acanthocephalans (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 387-388 (1998), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phylogeny ; acanthocephala ; rotifera ; bilateria ; evolution ; 18S rRNA gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Advances in morphological and molecular studies of metazoan evolution have led to a better understanding of the relationships among Rotifera (Monogononta, Bdelloidea, Seisonidea) and Acanthocephala, and their relationships to other bilateral animals. The most accepted morphological analysis places Acanthocephala as a sister group to Rotifera, although other studies have placed Acanthocephala as a sister taxon to Bdellodea or Seisonidea. Molecular analyses using nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes support Acanthocephala as a sister taxon to Bdelloidea, although no molecular data is available for Seisonidea. Combining molecular and morphological analyses of Bilateria leads to a tree with Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Acanthocephala and Gnathostomulida (and probably Gastrotricha) as a sister group to the annelid-mollusc lineage of the Spiralia (Lophotrochozoa).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017060902909
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolutionary relationships of rotifers and acanthocephalans (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 287-388 (1998), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phylogeny ; acanthocephala ; rotifera ; bilateria ; evolution ; 18S rRNA gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Advances in morphological and molecular studies of metazoan evolution have led to a better understanding of the relationships among Rotifera (Monogononta, Bdelloidea, Seisonidea) and Acanthocephala, and their relationships to other bilateral animals. The most accepted morphological analysis places Acanthocephala as a sister group to Rotifera, although other studies have placed Acanthocephala as a sister taxon to Bdellodea or Seisonidea. Molecular analyses using nuclear 18S rRNA and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes support Acanthocephala as a sister taxon to Bdelloidea, although no molecular data is available for Seisonidea. Combining molecular and morphological analyses of Bilateria leads to a tree with Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Acanthocephala and Gnathostomulida (and probably Gastrotricha) as a sister group to the annelid-mollusc lineage of the Spiralia (Lophotrochozoa).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017060902909
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piatzwechselvorgänge der Liganden in festen Komplexsalzen. I. Intramolekulare Isomerisierung an Gemischten Hexahalogenokomplexen von Osmium(IV) (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 410 (1974), S. 48-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ligand Exchange in Solid Complex Salts. I. Intramolecular Isomerization of Mixed Hexahalo-complexes of Osmium(IV)The isomerization of pure solid complex salts of the type cis- or trans-K2[OsClnY6-n], Y = Br, I; n = 2, 3, 4, is measured spectrophotometrically at 115, 125 and 135°C. By intramolecular rearrangement of the ligands statistical relations of the isomers are adjusted. For the solid-state exchange reactions a dissociative bond-breaking-and a twist-mechanism are discussed.
    Notes: Die Isomerisierung reiner fester Komplexe des Type cis- bzw. trans-K2[OsClnY6-n], Y = Br, J; n = 2, 3, 4, wird bei 115, 125 und 135°C mit Hilfe spektrophotometrischer Messungen verfolgt. Durch intramolekulare Umlagerungen der Liganden stellen sich statistische Isomerenverhältnisse ein. Für den Festkörperaustausch werden ein Bindungsbruch- und ein Twistmechanismus diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744100107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platzwechselvorgänge der Liganden in festen Komplexsalzen. Intermolekularer Ligandenaustausch in gemischten Hexahalogenokomplexen von Osmium(IV) (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 410 (1974), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ligand Exchange in Solid Complex Salts. II. Intermolecular Ligand Exchange in Mixed Hexahalo-complexes of Osmium(IV)On tempering a pure complex of the type K2[OsClnY6-n], Y = Br, I; n = 1-5 to 170-200°C all complexes with n = 0-6 are formed by intermolecular solid-state exchange reactions. At equilibrium the ligands are distributed statistically on all species. The rate of exchange is slow for complexes containing many I ligands. It increases with the number of Cl and has its maximum for complexes with many Br ligands. For the exchange mechanism the octahedral vacancies in the anti fluorite lattice are important.
    Notes: Beim Tempern eines reinen Komplexsalzes vom Typ K2[OsClnY6-n], Y = Br, J; n = 1-5 auf 170-200°C bilden sich durch intermolekulare Festkörperaustauschreaktionen alle Komplexe von n = 0-6. Im Gleichgewichtszustand verteilen sich die Liganden statistisch über alle Spezies des Systems. Die Austauschgeschwindigkeit ist bei den jodreichen Komplexen am kleinsten, sie steigt mit wachsender Anzahl der Cl-Liganden an und ist in den Br-reichen Komplexen am größten. Für den Austauschmechanismus sind die nicht besetzten Oktaederlücken des Antifluoritgitters wichtig.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744100108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platzwechselvorgänge der Liganden in festen Komplexsalzen. IIIProfessor Robert Juza zum 70. Geburtstage am 8. Dezember 1974 gewidmet. Ligandenbeweglichkeit in reinen Hexahalogenokomplexsalzen von Osmium(IV) (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 410 (1974), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ligand Exchange in Solid Complex Salts. III. Mobility of Ligands in Pure Hexahalo Complexes of Osmium(IV)The kinetical dates of intramolecular isomerization and intermolecular ligand exchange in solid-state, formerly determined experimentally for mixed-ligand complexes of the type K2[OsClnY6-n], X = Br, I; n = 1-5, are now extrapolated to pure hexahalo-complexes. Already below 100°C the rearrangement within the octahedral groups begins, the intermolecular ligand exchange just arises at distinct higher temperatures. For the rates the following series are valid: intramolecular: K2[OsCl6] 〈 K2[OsBr6] 〈 K2[OsI6], intermolecular: K2[OsI6] 〈 K2[OsCl6] 〈 K2[OsBr6].
    Notes: Die früher an den gemischten Komplexsalzen des Typs K2[OsClnY6-n], Y = Br, J; n = 1-5 experimentell bestimmten kinetischen Daten für die intramolekulare Isomerisierung bzw. den intermolekularen Ligandenaustausch im festen Zustand werden auf die reinen Hexahalogenokomplexe extrapoliert. Bereits unter 100°C beginnt die Umlagerung innerhalb der einzelnen Oktaedergruppen, der intermolekulare Austausch der Liganden setzt erst bei deutlich höheren Temperaturen ein. Für die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten gelten folgende Reihen: intramolekular: K2[OsCl6] 〈 K2[OsBr6] 〈 K2[OsJ6], intermolekular: K2[OsJ6] 〈 K2[OsCl6] 〈 K2[OsBr6].
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744100205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung und Schwingungsspektren der Komplexionen [(Cl5Sb)2F]⊖, [(Cl5Sb)2CN]⊖ und [CH3SbCl4N3]⊖ (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 426 (1976), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Vibrational Spectra of the Complex Ions [(Cl5Sb)2F]⊖, [(Cl5Sb)2CN]⊖, and [CH3SbCl4N3]⊖Antimony pentachloride reacts with Tetramethylammonium fluoride and cyanide, respectively, in the absence of solvents yielding complexes with molar ratio 2:1. The complex anions [Cl5Sb—X—SbCl5]⊖ (X = F, CN) exhibit nearly linear Sb—X—Sb bridges (D4h, D4h′), as follows by the vibrational spectra (i.r., Raman). CH3SbCl4 can be stabilized by the reaction with N(CH3)4N3, yielding [N(CH3)4][CH3SbCl4N3].
    Notes: Antimonpentachlorid reagiert mit Tetramethylammoniumfluorid bzw.-cyanid ohne Lösungsmittel unter Bildung von Komplexen im Molverhältnis 2:1. Die komplexen Anionen [Cl5Sb—X—SbCl5]⊖ (X = F, CN) enthalten nach den Schwingungsspektren (IR, Raman) zumindest weitgehend gestreckte Sb—X—Sb-Brücken (D4h bzw. D4h′). Bei CH3SbCl4 führt die Adduktbildung mit N3⊖ zu einer Stabilisierung des sehr unbeständigen Methylantimontetrachlorids.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19764260304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MÖSSBAUER- und Infrarotspektren von Addukten des K4[Fe(CN)6] mit Antimontrihalogeniden (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 404 (1974), S. 230-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mössbauer- and IR Spectra from the Addition Compounds of K4[Fe(CN)6] with Antimony TrihalidesBy the reaction of K4[Fe(CN)6] with SbX3 in the melt (X = Cl, Br) or in SO2 solution (X = F) the addition compounds K4[Fe(CNSbX3)6] (X = F, Cl) and K4[Fe(CNSbX3)4(CN)2] (X = Cl, Br) are formed. The IR spectra of these compounds have been interpreted. The MÖSSBAUER spectra are single lines which exhibit a slight broadening compared with K4[Fe(CN)6] · 3 H2O. The values of the isomer shifts following the order of the LEWIS acid strengths of the SbX3 molecules correspond to a small but significant increase of the s-electron density, which is explained by the increasing influence of the π-acceptor function of the ligands.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von K4[Fe(CN)6] mit SbX3 in der Schmelze (X = Cl, Br) bzw. in flüssigen SO2 (X = F) entstehen die Addukte K4[Fe(CNSbX3)6] (X = F, Cl), bzw. K4[Fe(CNSbX3)4(CN)2] (X = Cl, Br), deren IR-Spektren zugeordnet werden. Die MÖSSBAUER-Spektren zeigen gegenüber K4[Fe(CN)6] · 3 H2O leicht verbreiterte Einliniensignale. Den Meßwerten für die Isomerieverschiebung ist in der Reihenfolge der LEWIS-Säurestärke der SbX3-Liganden eine geringe, jedoch signifikante Zunahme der effektiven s-Elektronendichte am Fe-Kernort zu entnehmen, die mit dem zunehmenden Einfluß der π-Akzeptorwirkung der Liganden erklärt wird.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19744040303
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