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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of metolachlor in a soil perfusion experiment (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 5 (1988), S. 276-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Metolachlor ; Biodegradation ; Soil perfusion ; Microbial metabolites ; Dechlorination ; Actinomyces spp.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Degradation of the herbicide metachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] was studied in a soil perfusion system. After 28 days of perfusion, the 14CO2 evolved from a Virginia soil (soil A), which had been previously treated with metolachlor (Dual) for 5 years, accounted for 18.4% of the added 14C-metolachlor, while only 3.5% of the 14C was liberated as 14CO2 from a soil of the same field which had no history of Dual treatment (soil B). No 14CO2 was liberated from γ-irradiated soil A. After incubation, metolachlor constituted almost all the extractable 14C in sterile soil A, while about 20% of the added 14C extracted from non-sterile soil A consisted of products of metolachlor; 14.8% was identified as dechlorinated metolachlor. No mineralization occurred in actinomycete-inoculated sterile soil A, but 30% of the added 14C was recovered in the form of transformation products of metolachlor. Our results demonstrate clearly that microbial activity is responsible for the mineralization of metolachlor, and that degradation is enhanced in herbicide-acclimated soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262131
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal analysis of bones from ovariectomized rats (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: thermogravimetry ; differential thermal analysis ; activation energy ; ovariectomy ; traditional Chinese medicine ; 17β-estradiol ; rat ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Thermal analyses [thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA)], X-ray diffraction, and infrared absorption analysis of bones from ovariectomized rats were carried out. The rats were divided into five groups: sham operated (Sham); ovariectomized (OVX); OVX given traditional Chinese (Kampo) medicine, Unkei-to; OVX given 17β-estradiol; and OVX given the estradiol vehicle, respectively. The activation energy (ΔE), a kinetic parameter from TG data of OVX rats, increased by 57% from that in Sham rats. The administration of Unkei-to and 17β-estradiol to OVX rats clearly restored the ΔE to the levels of Sham rats, while the vehicle for 17β-estradiol had no effect. DTA data from thermal analyses of rats from the Sham, OVX, and OVX given various compounds were almost the same except for OVX rats given 17β-estradiol. The X-ray diffraction pattern and infrared absorption spectrum of bone powders from Sham rats were not different from those of OVX rats or others. These results strongly suggest that a kinetic parameter, ΔE calculated from TG data, may be a useful method for assessing both experimentally induced osteoporosis and drug effects on it. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 221-226, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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