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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (35)
  • 13C-enrichment
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 6 (1962), S. 94-97 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance in the vitrain of Yūbari caking coal and its residue of pyridine extraction has been studied over the range 90 to 423°K. At lower temperature the absorption line consists of a broad component. At higher temperature this component begins to decrease rapidly in the line width and resolves into two components. This rapid narrowing of the absorption line width suggests a glass transition attributed to the molecular motion in coal. The variation of the second moment of the absorption line with temperature reflects the line width variation. From these results some information on the molecular motion and arrangement in coal have been obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 48 (1975), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine theoretische Gleichung zur Beschreibung der mittels Lichtsteruung gemessenen Abhängigkeit des scheinbaren Molekulargewichts vom Lösungsmittel wurde im Hinblick auf die Heterogenität der Zusammensetzung abgeleitet. Terpolymere mit einem partiellen Azeotrop wurden aus Styrol, Acrylnitril und Methylmethacrylat hergestellt. Die Molenbrüche betrugen in der angegebenen Reihenfolge 0,55; 0, 16; 0,29. Das mittels Lichtstreuung bestimmte Molekulargewicht erwies sich als vom eingesetzten Lösungsmittel unabhängig. Daraus wurde auf eine homogene Zusammensetzung des Terpolymeren geschlossen. Das Verhältnis zwischen dem Molekulargewicht des Terpolymeren und dem Volumenbruch des Fällungsmittels γ in dem Lösungsmittelgemisch am Fällungspunkt in einem Butanon-Methanol-Terpolymer-System folgte, wie experimentelle Untersuchungen zeigten, der Gleichung worin γ0 und b′ Konstanten bedeuten. Zwischen dem Molekulargewicht und der Viskositatszahl [η] des Terpolymeren gelten die folgenden Beziehungen bei 35°C: und
    Notes: A theoretical equation for the dependence of the apparent molecular weight measured by light scattering on the solvent used has been derived with regard to the composition heterogeneity. Terpolymers corresponding to a partial azeotrope were synthesized from styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate with mole fractions of 0.55, 0.16, and 0.29, respectively. The molecular weight measured by light scattering was found to be independent of the solvent used. Therefore the terpolymer was concluded to be apparently homogeneous in composition. The relationship between the molecular weight M of the terpolymer and the volume fraction of the nonsolvent γ in the solvent mixture at the precipitation point in a butanone-methanol-terpolymer system was experimentally proved to follow the equation where γ0 and b′ are constants. Between the molecular weight and the limiting viscosity number [η] of the terpolymer the following relationships are valid at 35°C: and
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 25 (1972), S. 163-169 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Brechungsindexinkrement von acht verschieden zusammengesetzten Terpolymeren aus Styrol, Acrylnitril und Methylmethacrylat wurde in Dimethylfoirmamid und in Butanon bestimmt. Aus der infrarotspektroskopisch ermittelten Zusammensetzung der Copolymeren und den Brechungsinkrementen der Homopolymeren wurden die Brechungsinkremente der Terpolymeren berechnet. Das ptrrtielle azeotrope Terpolymere besitzt ein konstantes Brechungsinkrement während der Terpolymerisation, während die aus anderen Monomermischungen erhaltenen Werte sich mit dem Umsatz ändern.
    Notes: The differential refractive index increment was measured for statistical styrene/acrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate terpolymers of eight different compositions in dimethylformamide and in butanone. With the terpolymer composition obtained from infrared absorption and the differential refractive index increments of the homopolymers, the differential refractive index increments of terpolymers are calculated. The partial azeotropic terpolymer gives a constant value in the course of terpolymerization. The differential refractive index increment of a terpolymer synthesized from other monomer feed than the azeotropic composition changes with conversion.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 82 (1979), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit der Depolarisierung wurde für Polystyrol- und Oligostyrollösungen in Butanon gemessen. Drei wesentliche Ergebnisse wurden erhalten: (1)Die Depolarisationen ϱu der Polystyrol- und Oligostyrollösungen in Butanon zeigen ein Minimum bei einer charakteristischen Konzentration im Gegensatz zu einer Styrollösung in Butanon.(2)Das Depolarisationsminimum fällt mit steigendem Polymerisationsgrad des Oligostyrols und erreicht einen konstanten Wert für Polystyrollösungen von ϱu = 0,0148. In den Oligostyrollösungen stimmt die Depolarisation mit einer theoretischen Berechnung überein, während in Polystyrollösungen eine Beeinflussung durch intra- und intermolekulare Wechselwirkung zu beobachten ist.(3)Die der minimalen Depolarisation zuzuordnende Konzentration C* fällt mit P-½ für Polystyrollösungen und fällt mit P- 1 für Oligostyrollösungen. Dies hängt mit der von einer Gauß-Verteilung abweichenden Verteilung der Oligomersegmente zusammen.
    Notes: The molecular weight dependence of depolarization was measured for polystyrene and styrene oligomer solutions in butanone. Three evident results were obtained: (i)the depolarizations ϱu of polystyrene and styrene oligomer solutions in butanone show a minimum value at a characteristic concentration inspite of that the depolarization of a styrene monomer mixture with butanone shows no minimum value.(ii)the minimum value of depolarization ϱu* decreases with the degree of polymerization, P, for styrene oligomer solutions and reaches a constant value for polystyrene solutions, that is ϱu* = 0.0148. In oligomer solutions the depolarization conforms to the theoretical equation, but in polystyrene solutions the depolarization is affected by both intra-and intermolecular interferences.(iii)the characteristic concentration C*, corresponding to the minimum depolarization ϱu*, decreases with P-1/2 for polystyrene solutions and decreases with P-1 for styrene oligomer solutions. This fact is concerned with the deviation from a Gaussian distribution of oligomer segments.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For the purpose of separating alcohol-water mixtures by the use of the pervaporation technique, new composite membranes composed of polyion complexes (PIC) as a separating layer were developed. The polyion complex structure, consisting of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polycation, provided excellent permeation rate and selectivity. Among the polycations, ionenes, which have quaternary ammonium groups in the backbone chain, were effective in giving membranes of higher permselectivities. High selectivity of PIC membranes was observed at high ethanol concentration regions in the feed mixture. For the azeotropic mixture of water/ethanol (95 wt % EtOH) at 60°C, the PAA-based PIC membrane had the following separation properties: separation factor ∼ 3,500 and permeation rate ∼ 1.6 kg/m2 h.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 1013-1023 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Initially amorphous and semicrystalline films of poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) with different molecular weights were drawn by two-stage drawing, that is, coextrusion at low temperatures (25-160°C) followed by tensile drawing at high temperatures (200-245°C). Both films could be drawn up to a draw ratio of 8-10 by this method under controlled conditions. The tensile modulus and strength of drawn samples were greatly affected by the draw temperature for the first stage, predrawn morphology, and molecular weight. The remarkable effects of these variables on the tensile properties are closely related to the difference in the resultant amorphous chain orientation of the samples, reflecting the disentanglements and chain slippage during drawing, and the dissipation of chain orientation after processing.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 4 (1993), S. 215-215 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 115-117 
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: photoelectrochemistry ; multi-electron transfer ; semiconductor particle ; light excitation ; molecular conversion reactions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Simultaneous bidirectional forward and backward electron transfers take place on a light-exited semiconductor particle, even at the same geometric site. The potentials of the electron pathways are different, giving rise to two independent molecular conversion reactions. This type of multi-electron transfer reactions is overviewed and the stepwise unidirectional multi-electron transfer on the excited semiconductor particle is also described.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 2 (1991), S. 261-267 
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A transparent poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel disc covalently immobilized with Type I collagen, fibronectin, and an adhesive oligopeptide and preseeded with corneal epithelial cells was implanted in rabbit cornea using a technique of lamellar keratoplasty, and the tissue response was studied by light and electron microscopy. Covalent immobilization of type I colagen on the surfaceof hydrogel was found to support growth and adhesion of the corneal epithelium in vitro. the in vivo experiment showed that cell seeding could prevant infection of the hydrogel. However, the implanted disc was rejected from the host cornea by epithelial downgrowth and the exchange between the seeded cells and host corneal epithelia was not observed until 14 days after surgery. The rejection might have occurred because of unsatisfactory fixation of the hydrogel to the host cornea.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1577-1586 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method for the determination of crosslink density for collagen fibers was proposed. The number of interchain crosslinkages in whale ligament and rat-tail tendon was estimated by applying an usual rubber elasticity theory. Collagen fibers swollen in a solution composed of equal volumes of 8M LiBr aqueous solution and diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether showed a typical rubber elasticity. The energy components to total retractive forces were similar in order in magnitude for crosslinked natural rubbers, namely, below 0.3. It was found that no intermolecular crosslinkage occurs between tropocollagen molecules in tendon from a 2-month-old rat, while there are about 12 crosslinking sites per molecule in tendon from a 10-month-old rat and 15 sites in whale ligament. The number, type, and crosslinking sites in the tendon crosslinked with 1,3-bis(vinylsulfonyl)-2-propanol is also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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