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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 42 (1960), S. 216-229 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einige synthetische Polysaccharide - aus Laevoglucosan durch Säurekatalyse erhalten  -  wurden durch die ersten drei Momente der Molekulargewichtsverteilung charakterisiert. Die Zahlenmittel der Molekulargewichte (Mn) wurden in einem thermoelektrischen Dampfphasenosmometer bestimmt. Die Messung der Gewichtsmittel (Mw) erfolgte in einer Ultrazentrifuge nach dem ARCHIBALDschen Verfahren aus der Konzentration und dem Gradienten am Meniskus der Lösung. Ein noch höherer Mittelwert, der dem Mz naheliegt, ließ sich unter Benutzung des Verfahrens von TRAUTMAN erhalten.Durch Lichtzerstreuungsmessungen wurden in allen Fällen weit höhere Molekulargewichte erhalten. Diese Diskrepanz ließ sich auf das Vorhandensein von wenigen Gewichtsprozenten einer sehr hochmolekularen Substanz (Mikrogel) zurückführen.Die experimentell bestimmte Molekulargewichtsverteilung führt zusammen mit früher veröffentlichten Ergebnissen der Perjodatoxydation zu dem Schluß, daß 1,6 Acetalbindungen bevorzugt gebildet werden. Die Resultate lassen sich durch die Annahme verstehen, daß unter Öffnung aller Anhydroringe vornehmlich zunächst eine Dimerisation stattfindet, gefolgt von einer oktafunktionellen A-R-B7-Additionspolymerisation.
    Notes: In order to characterize the addition polymers obtained by acid catalyzed polymerization of levoglucosan, the first three moments of their molecular weight distribution have been determined as a function of the degree of conversion. Number average molecular weights (Mn) were measured in a thermoelectric vapor phase osmometer. Weight averages (Mw) were obtained by means of ultracentrifugation using ARCHIBALD's technique of determining Mw from the concentration and concentration gradient at the meniscus of the solution. A still higher average, which approximates the z-average (Mz) was obtained through TRAUTMAN plots of the ultracentrifuge data. The molecular weights obtained by means of the light scattering technique are consistently higher than the Mw's obtained in the ultracentrifuge. This apparent discrepancy is attributed to a side reaction which is responsible for the formation of a few weight per cent of very high molecular weight compounds (microgel). Disregarding the side reaction, the experimentally obtained molecular weight distribution in conjunction with previously reported periodate oxidation results, lead to the conclusion that 1-6 acetal links are much more readily formed than any other acetal link. The data suggest that dimerization with cleavage of both 1,6 anhydro rings takes place preferably, followed by octa functional A-R-B7 addition polymerization of the dimers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 31 (1993), S. 94-99 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Brassinosteroids ; 13C NMR ; 2D NMR ; Brassinolide ; Steroids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H NMR spectra of eight naturally occurring brassinosteroids, plant hormones with a steroid skeleton, and five synthetic analogues were analysed by COSY and long-range COSY measurements. Based on the 1H resonances, the 13C signals were assigned by a combination of C—H COSY and long-range C—H COSY spectra detecting 13C nuclei, or by HMQC and HMBC spectra detecting 1H nuclei. Although the steroids showed complex 1H signals around 1-2 ppm, the resonances for the two angular methyl groups and the other methyl groups in the side-chain could be assigned unambiguously and used as a reference point for the other assignments. Strong correlation peaks between the methyl protons and carbons connected with the protons through two or three bonds were observed in the long-range C—H COSY or the HMBC spectra. These spectra provide valuable information for assigning the 13C NMR resonances of this class of compounds.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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