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  • 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)  (3)
  • roots  (2)
  • Bangia  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormones and root-shoot relationships in flooded plants — an analysis of methods and results (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 167 (1994), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: environmental stress ; ethylene ; flooding ; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) ; hormones ; root to shoot communication ; xylem sap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Two aspects of root to shoot communication in flooded plants are discussed (i) the formation of porous aerenchyma that enhances the passage of oxygen, and other gases, from shoots to roots and (ii) the movement of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) from roots to shoots in the transpiration stream, and the effect of this on ethylene production and epinastic curvature in the shoots. For aerenchyma studies a highly sensitive photoacoustic laser detector for ethylene was used to avoid interference associated with other methods of ethylene measurement that require tissue excision. ACC concentrations in xylem sap were measured by physico-chemical means to ensure correct identification and account for processing losses. Solute concentrations, e.g., abscisic acid (ABA), in xylem sap are shown to be distorted by temporary contamination caused by the method used to collect sap. Concentrations of solutes in xylem sap (e.g., ACC) are also altered by changes in sap flow brought about by conventional methods of sap collection or by experimental treatments such as flooding the soil. Ways of for overcoming these problems are described together with a summary of preliminary results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587604
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DIHB) activity and stimulation of ethylene production by small concentrations of oxygen in the root environment (1984)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 2 (1984), S. 251-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Ethylene ; ethephon ; 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DIHB) ; roots ; oxygen deficiency ; oilseed rape (Brassica napus) ; barley (Hordeum vulgare) ; environmental stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The apical 2 cm of seedling roots of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., cv. ‘Primor’) produced more ethylene than adjacent, older tissue. Treatment with ⩽ 5 × 10−3 mol m−3 3,5-diiodo4-hydroxybenzoic acid (DIHB), a presumed inhibitor of ethylene action, failed to stimulate root extension. Larger concentrations were inhibitory. Ethylene, applied as ethephon decreased root extension but DIHB (5 × 10−3 mol m−3) partially overcame this effect. Oxygen concentrations below that present in air also inhibited root extension but this was not ameliorated by DIHB. Roots of barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. ‘Midas’) evolved ethylene more slowly than roots of oilseed rape. DIHB (10−3−10−2 mol m−3) stimulated root extension in the absence of ethephon. Ethephon alone retarded root extension but DIHB partially overcame this inhibition. Small concentrations of oxygen also inhibited root extension but DIHB failed to ameliorate the effect even though the slow growth of oxygen-deficient roots (3–5% oxygen) was associated with abnormally fast rates of endogenous ethylene production. Extension growth in different oxygen concentrations was more closely associated with rates of oxygen consumption than with the amount of ethylene produced. Thus respiration rather than ethylene appeared to limit root extension under oxygen deficiency. This may explain why DIHB was unable to offset this form of environmental stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124773
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in leaf tissue and xylem sap using capillary column gas chromatography and a nitrogen/phosphorus detector (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 13 (1993), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: gas chromatography ; nitrogen/phosphorus detector ; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) ; soil flooding ; root-shoot communication ; xylem sap ; environmental stress ; Lycopersicon esculentum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The Lizada and Yang method, commonly used for analyzing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the immediate precursor of the plant hormone ethylene, is subject to interference and lacks internal standards. The use of combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) overcomes these shortcomings but the method is expensive and unavailable to many laboratories. We describe an alternative physico-chemical method using a capillary column gas chromatograph fitted with a standard nitrogen/phosphorus detector. After forming the N-benzoyl n-propyl derivative, measurements of ACC concentrations in extracts of leaves and in xylem sap of tomato plants using the nitrogen/phosphorus detector were within 10% of those obtained by GC-MS. Concentrations in plants grown in well-drained soil were approximately 0.16 nmol g−1 fresh weight (leaves) and 0.04–0.01 mmol m−3 (sap). Flooding the soil for 48–72 h increased these values approximately 9-fold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024842
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) applied through the roots of maize seedlings on vegetative and early reproductive development of the shoots (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Zea mays L. ; ethylene ; extension growth ; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) ; leaf sheaths ; leaf laminae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Maize plants, grown in aerated solution cultures, were exposed, at different growth stages, to ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) applied through the roots for up to 9 d. Total uptake of ACC increased with seedling size. During ACC treatment, ethylene evolution, by the shoots, proceeded at an almost constant rate per unit fresh weight that was up to 40-fold faster than that of untreated plants. This stimulation extended several days beyond the period of ACC uptake. The effects on growth and development were assessed when plants were 50–52-d old. ACC application shortened certain stem internodes, leaf-sheaths and laminae. The location of these effects depended on the time of application. The greatest shortening was induced by application, at the 4-leaf stage (10 d-old), prior to elongation of the cone of the shoot apex. This is ascribed to effects on meristematic tissue, in addition to those on elongating cells. An unexpected response to ACC treatment, at the 4-leaf stage, was an increase of up to four leaf-bearing stem nodes compared to untreated plants. This resulted in a parallel elevation of the uppermost ear-bearing axillary shoot to higher nodal positions. The length of leaves high in the canopy (nodes 11–16) was promoted by treating seedlings with ACC. The only clear effect of the ACC treatments on emergent axillary shoots per se was a retardation of silk elongation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024793
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dominant attached filamentous algae of Georgian Bay, the North Channel and Eastern Lake Huron: Field ecology and biomonitoring potential during 1980 (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 163 (1988), S. 149-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Bangia ; Ulothrix ; Cladophora ; phosphorus ; nutrients ; metals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field investigations during the ice-free period of 1980 confirm that the dominant attached filamentous algae in the Canadian waters of Lake Huron are the green algae Ulothrix zonata and Cladophora glomerata, and the red alga Bangia atropurpurea. It is believed that nutrient availability limits the distribution of these algae, while temperature controls their seasonal periodicity. Because of favourable physical characteristics, the study area represents a vast potential habitat for attached filamentous algae. It is expected that eastern Georgian Bay, in particular, will suffer significant environmental degradation from the growth of Cladophora unless existing phosphorus levels are maintained indefinitely (i.e., 〈 0.005 mg total P 1−1). Attached filamentous algae accumulate (103 to 105 x) a variety of elements primarily in proportion to availability in the surrounding water. The occurrence of maximum algal metal concentrations at municipal waste water outfalls, river mouths and harbour areas (e.g., in µg g−1, Cr 29.0, Cu 46.4, Ni 34.0, Pb 55.0) is indicative of discrete source loadings, while elevated levels at remote sites in eastern Georgian Bay (e.g., in µg g−1, Cr 12.0–15.5, Cu 18.0, Ni 15.0–16.0, Pb 8.5–8.8) are suggestive of generalized loadings from the Canadian Shield, possibly due to the effects of acidic precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026927
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roots of willow (Salix viminalis L.) show marked tolerance to oxygen shortage in flooded soils and in solution culture (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 187 (1996), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aerenchyma ; ethylene ; flooding ; oxygen shortage ; roots ; Salix viminalis ; stress adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Responses to soil flooding and oxygen shortage were studied in field, glasshouse and controlled environment conditions. Established stools ofSalix viminalis L., were compared at five field sites in close proximity but with contrasting water table levels and flooding intensities during the preceding winter. There was no marked effect of site on shoot extension rate, time to half maximum length or final length attained. When rooted cuttings were waterlogged for 4 weeks in a glasshouse, soil redox potentials quickly decreased to below zero. Shoot extension was slowed after a delay of 20 d, while, in the upper 100 mm of soil, formation and outgrowth of unbranched adventitious roots with enhanced aerenchyma development was promoted after 7 d. At depths of 100–200 mm and 200–300 mm, extension by existing root axes was halted by soil flooding, while adventitious roots from above failed to penetrate these deeper zones. After 4 weeks waterlogging, all arrested root tips recommenced elongation when the soil was drained; their extension rates exceeding those of roots that were well-drained throughout. Growth in fresh mass was also stimulated. The additional aerenchyma found in adventitious roots in the upper 100 mm of soil may have been ethylene regulated since gas space development was inhibited by silver nitrate, an ethylene action inhibitor. The effectiveness of aerenchyma was tested by blocking the entry of atmospheric oxygen into plants with lanolin applied to lenticels of woody shoots of plants grown in solution culture. Root extension was halved, while shoot growth remained unaffected. H Lambers Section editor
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011655
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