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  • Chemistry  (7)
  • 07.75.+h  (1)
  • 36.40.+d  (1)
  • atomic structure;  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of solids by secondary ion and sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (1985)
    Springer
    Applied physics 37 (1985), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20.Nc ; 07.75.+h
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A mass spectrometer is described, which allows the analysis of sputtered neutral and charged particles as well as of residual gas composition. This combined SIMS, SNMS, and RGA instrument consists of a scanning primary ion beam column, an electron impact ionizer, an electrostatic energy filter and an rf quadrupole mass analyzer. Various examples of surface and bulk analysis are presented which demonstrate the beneficial complementary features of these techniques. These are, in particular: a substantial reduction of the matrix effect and fewer complications with samples of low electrical conductivity in SNMS, and the possibility of measuring the depth distribution of gases included in small cavities in the solid in the SNMS/RGA mode. SIMS, on the other hand, allows in many cases higher detection sensitivities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614819
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The emission of neutral clusters in sputtering (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20.Nc ; 36.40.+d
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mass, angle, and energy resolved emission of neutral clusters in sputtering was studied for a variety of metals and semiconductors. The main phenomena and results are the following: (i) Cluster emission from a series of transition metals reveals a prominent contribution of clusters to the total flux of ejected particles but there is no simple scaling of cluster intensities with the average sputtering yields. With increasing number of constituents, relative intensities of neutral clusters decrease much faster than those of secondary-ion clusters. (ii) The relative intensities of clusters emitted from amorphous and crystalline semiconductors are identical, but the energy spectra of Ge n -clusters (n = 1–4) sputtered from Ge (111) peak at a slightly higher energy (1 eV) as compared to spectra taken from amorphous Ge. The intensities of all Ge n -clusters exhibit the same dependence on emission angle; this holds for both the amorphous and crystalline Ge-sample. (iii) The flux of neutral monomers, dimers, and trimers sputtered from Cu(111), Ni(111), and Ag(111) crystals shows a pronouncedly anisotropic emission along the 〈110〉 lattice directions which is ascribed to a momentum alignment in the anisotropic part of the collision cascade. Energy spectra taken along 〈110〉 peak at higher energies than those obtained from a random emission angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619396
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inertial model of atoms: atomic spectra as a resonance problem (1997)
    Springer
    Speculations in science and technology 20 (1997), S. 115-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9309
    Keywords: atoms; ; atomic structure; ; quantization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new model of atoms based on the theory of material waves is proposed. Atoms are characterized by an inertial aggregation of negative charge within the atomic shell, the calculation yields, for hydrogen atoms, an atomic radius of 0.470 nm. Atomic spectra result from radial material waves, quantization being the consequence of boundary conditions imposed on the fundamental wave equation. Stark effects and Zeeman effects are treated in detail, they are referred to deformations and rotations of the atomic shell. An analysis of Stern--Gerlach experiments bases subsequent deflections of single atoms on rotations and interactions of magnetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018568721066
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminodiacylhydrazin-Umlagerung. 2. Mitteilung. Herstellung von N-(Acyl)-N'-(α-aminoacyl)-hydrazinen aus Säurehydraziden und N-Carboxyanhydriden von α-Aminosäuren (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 1798-1801 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Carboxy-aminosäureanhydride eignen sich ausgezeichnet zur α-Aminoacylierung von Säurehydraziden. In Verbindung rnit der Aminodiacylhydrazin-Umlagerung werden sie zu brauchbaren Ausgangsmaterialien für die Peptidsynthese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19610440639
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminodiacylhydrazin-Umlagerung Ein weiteres neues Aufbauprinzip in der Peptidsynthese 1. Mitteilung. Umlagerung von N-(Carbobenzoxyglycyl-glycyl)-N'-(phenylalanyl)-hydrazin in Carbobenzoxyglycyl-glycyl-phenylalanin-hydrazid (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 1794-1798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus N-geschützten Aminosäurehydraziden kann man N-geschützte Dipeptidhydrazide erhalten, aus diesen N-geschützte Tripeptidhydrazide usw., indem man den NH2-Stickstoff der Hydrazidgruppe jeweils mit einer α-Aminosäure acyliert und das gebildete Aminodiacylhydrazin einer Umlagerung unterwirft. Für diesen neuen Umlagerungstypus wird die Bezeichnung Aminodiacylhydrazin-Umlagerung vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19610440638
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminodiacylhydrazin-Umlagerung 4. Mitteilung Studien zur Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit (1964)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 47 (1964), S. 1625-1642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rearrangement of N-acyl-N'-a-aminoacyl-hydrazines (I) has been studied in niore detail.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19640470627
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminodiacylhydrazin-Umlagerung. 3. Mitteilung. Säure-Base-Eigenschaften von α-Aminodiacylhydrazinen (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 2154-2159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden die scheinbaren Dissoziationskonstanten einiger α-Aminodiacyl-hydrazine und einer Anzahl von Vergleichssubstanzen angegeben (Tabelle 1). α-Aminodiacylhydrazine sind Ampholyte mit pK′A1 ∼ 7 und pK′A2 ∼ 10; K′A1, ist der protonierten α-Aminogruppe, K′A2 der Diacylhydrazin-Gruppierung zuzuordnen. Dies ergibt sichaaus dem Vergleich mit den Säure-Base-Eigenschaften verwandter Verbindungen,baus dem Vergleich der Dissoziationswärmen (Tabelle 2),caus dem Vergleich der Titrationskurven in Wasser und 75-proz. Äthanol (Tabelle 3).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19610440743
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis der Triterpene. 123. Mitteilung. Über das Δ12,13-Oleanen-ol-(30) (1948)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 31 (1948), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19480310134
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The drastic effect of oxygen on surface segregation (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 520-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature and oxygen partial pressure of the environment of a solid may produce non-oxidizing or oxidizing conditions for any of the components in the surface. Under non-oxidizing (free surface) conditions, one of the components of a binary alloy segregates. The oxidizing effect may enhance or diminish its surface content, and the other component may even segregate. This effect is investigated here using the experimental results (ISS and AES) and theoretical calculations of a new method. Agreement between theory and experiment is shown for AuPd and CuPd, and as well for S-contaminated CuFe.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401601108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The improved MTCIP-1A (modern thermodynamic calculation of interface properties - first approximation) and its application to the (Pt)Ni surfaces (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 618-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The MTCIP (modern thermodynamic calculation of interface properties) theory states the general condition of the thermodynamic equilibrium state (TES) for any kind of interface, any number of components and interface sublayers. In the MTCIP-1A (first approximation) for a binary dilute solid mixture, the monolayer surface composition is calculated in the TES (allowing for a chemisorbed or segregated overlayer as well). This approach has been used successfully so far for bimetallic alloys and as well for the segregation of non-metallic solutes on metal surfaces, and is further developed here. This new version is used for problematic PtNi surfaces, both low-index and polycrystalline. All the parameters needed to follow the calculations are given. In all cases, the theory agrees with the experiments at last qualitatively, and in most cases even quantitatively, although the PtNi surfaces were the most problematic for theoretical calculations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401901115
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