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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-07-19
    Description: The Comoros archipelago is an active geodynamic region of intra-plate volcanism within which the youngest and oldest islands (Grande Comore and Mayotte respectively) are characterized by recent volcanic activity. The frequent eruptions of the large shield volcano Karthala on Grande Comore (last eruption 2007), and the recent birth of a large submarine volcano since 2018 at the submarine base of Mayotte are associated with permanent fumarolic emissions, bubbling gas seeps, and soil gas emissions, which are studied in detail here for the first time. CO2 fluxes and chemical and isotopic gas compositions acquired during two surveys in 2017 and 2020 are integrated with older datasets collected between 2005 and 2016, permitting the identification of a possible influence of the recent volcanic and magmatic activity at Mayotte. At Karthala, high gas fluxes with high temperature, and a marked magmatic signature are concentrated close to the summit crater area, while only weaker emissions with a stronger biogenic signature are found on the volcano flanks. At Mayotte, lower temperature and higher CH4 content are recorded in two main seep areas of CO2-rich fluid bubbling, while soil emissions on land record a higher proportion of magmatic fluids compared to Karthala. Our preliminary results reveal two quite separate gas emission patterns for each island that are distinct in composition and isotopic signatures, and well-correlated with the present state of volcanic activity. This work may potentially provide support for local observation infrastructures and contribute to the improvement in volcanic and environmental monitoring.
    Description: INGV (GECO project Fondi Ricerca libera 2019 INGV) and REVOSIMA Initiative (IPGP, CNRS, BRGM, IFREMER)
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Keywords: •Geochemical characterisation of fumarolic and hydrothermal gases in terms of both primary component species and isotopic characteristics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: The study area is close to the boundary of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian, and African plates) and is characterized by important tectonic lineaments, which consist mainly of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF), the Karasu Fault, and the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) systems. To understand the origin of soil gas emanation and its relationships with the tectonics of the Amik Basin (Hatay), a detailed soil gas sampling was systematically performed. Together with CO2 flux measurements, N220 soil gas samples were analyzed for Rn and CO2 concentrations. The distribution of soil Rn (kBq/m3), CO2 concentration (ppm), and CO2 flux (g/m2/day) in the area appears as a point source (spot) and/or diffuses (halo) anomalies along the buried faults/fractures due to crustal leaks. The results revealed that Rn and CO2 concentrations in the soil gas show anomalous values at the specific positions in the Amik Basin. The trace of these anomalous values is coincident with the N-S trending DSF. CO2 is believed to act as a carrier for Rn gas. Based on the Rn and CO2 concentrations of soil gases, at least three gas components are required to explain the observed variations. In addition to the atmospheric component, two other gas sources can be recognized. One is the deep crust component, which exhibits high Rn and CO2 concentrations, and is considered the best indicator for the surface location of fault/fracture zones in the region. The other component is a shallower gas source with high Rn concentration and low CO2 concentration. Moreover, He isotopic compositions of representative samples vary from 0.94 to 0.99 Ra, illustrating that most samples have a soil air component and may have mixed with some crustal component, without significant input of the mantle component. Based on the repeated measurements at a few sites, soil gas concentrations at the same site were observed to be higher in 2014 than in 2013, which may be associated with the activity of the DSF in 2013–2014. This suggests that soil gas variations at fault zone are closely related to the local crustal stress, and hence are suitable for monitoring fault activities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 129–146
    Description: 6T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Dead Sea Fault ; Karasu Fault ; Amik Basin ; Radon ; Carbon Dioxide ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-02-03
    Description: Gases present in the Earth crust are important in various branches of human activities. Hydrocarbons are a significant energy resource, helium is applied in many high-tech instruments, and studies of crustal gas dynamics provide insight in the geodynamic processes and help monitor seismic and volcanic hazards. Quantitative analysis of methane and CO2 migration is important for climate change studies. Some of them are toxic (H2S, CO2, CO); radon is responsible for the major part of human radiation dose. The development of analytical techniques in gas geochemistry creates opportunities of applying this science in numerous fields. Noble gases, hydrocarbons, CO2, N2, H2, CO, and Hg vapor are measured by advanced methods in various environments and matrices including fluid inclusions. Following the “Geochemical Applications of Noble Gases”(2009), “Frontiers in Gas Geochemistry” (2013), and “Progress in the Application of Gas Geochemistry to Geothermal, Tectonic and Magmatic Studies” (2017) published as special issues of Chemical Geology and “Gas geochemistry: From conventional to unconventional domains” (2018) published as a special issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology, this volume continues the tradition of publishing papers reflecting the diversity in scope and application of gas geochemistry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 976190
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geochemistry ; Atmosphere ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: I risultati delle indagini condotte su base geochimica e genetica nell’area delle Stretto di Messina si incrociano proponendo uno scenario assolutamente nuovo su ciò che un terremoto può indurre anche come effetti sulla salute umana, con modifiche di tipo genetico. Le ricerche svolte nell’ambito del progetto INGV-Dipartimento Protezione Civile su “Valutazione del potenziale sismogenetico e probabilità dei forti terremoti in Italia”, hanno mostrato che nell’area dello Stretto di Messina persistono anomalie di degassamento dai suoli di CO2, metano e radon, diversi ordini di grandezza al di sopra dei valori normali, per esempio con concentrazioni dinamiche di Rn fino oltre 80.000 Bq/m3 La valutazione di un degassamento naturale di tale intensità in situazione di quiete sismica, ha assunto significato anche nella valutazione degli effetti del Rn sulla salute umana, che, sebbene conosciuti da tempo come seconda causa di tumore al polmone dopo il fumo, si mostrano sorprendentemente come i possibili protagonisti delle mutazioni genetiche riscontrate nella popolazione vivente intorno allo Stretto Radon e DNA La presenza di antigeni indicano di modifiche del DNA, ed uno in particolare denominato DR11 è presente con la frequenza più alta intorno a Messina e a Reggio (54% della popolazione) per poi diminuire verso Caltanissetta e Vibo Valentia (44%) con un minimo a Trapani (38%; figura 1). Una tale modifica del DNA è in contrasto con la Legge di Hardy –Weimberg, secondo la quale in una popolazione in cui gli accoppiamenti avvengono a caso, e in assenza di pressioni evolutive e di forti migrazioni dovrebbe essere mantenuta una generale omogeneità. Questo tipo di distribuzione, molto eterogenea, ma non irregolare e disordinata, non può essere attribuita a fluttuazioni casuali o a deriva genetica, e neanche alle invasioni che nel passato queste regioni hanno subito da parte di popoli stranieri.L’ordinata e graduale riduzione di frequenza del DR11, funzione dalla distanza dallo stretto, unitamente alle valutazioni basate sulla riduzione nel tempo della frequenza del DR11, portano a concentrare l’attenzione su un evento con epicentro nello stretto accaduto circa un secolo fa, identificabile come il terremoto del 1908. Tenuto conto che non ci sono effetti diretti di un sisma in grado di interagire con la saluteumana (se non ferite, paura) si ipotizza che non sia direttamente il terremoto come tale la causa scatenante della mutazione genetica osservata ma qualcosa che ad un forte evento sismico possa essere legata. Fluidi e terremoti I risultati ottenuti in varie aree sismiche italiane (p.e. Umbria, Friuli, Appennino Tosco Emiliano) hanno mostrato che i fluidi cambiamo composizione e intensità del rilascio durante l’evolversi della sismogenesi. Le modifiche si registrano prima, durante e dopo gli eventi sismici mostrando che oltre alla fratturazione anche le deformazioni della crosta provocano modificazioni nei fluidi circolanti. Una aumentata emissione di radon durante il processo che ha portato al terremoto del 1908 è assolutamente ipotizzabile in accordo con quanto osservato durante la crisi sismica dell’Umbria (1997-98) e con le misure effettuate nell’area dello Stretto (Figura 2). Una contaminazione da gas radon dovuta alla sismogenesi, che si è protratta per tempi probabilmente lunghi, prima durante e dopo il catastrofico evento, può essere la causa delle mutazioni genetiche osservate, avendo indotto gli organismi a reagire per tutelarsi rispetto ad una pressione esterna pericolosa.Un simile scenario, che vede i processi sismogenetici strettamente legati ai fluidi anche con attivi processi di degassamento, richiede ulteriori indagini che oltre a contribuire alla riduzione del rischio sismico permettono la conoscenza di quegli aspetti legati alle interazioni uomo-ambiente su medio-lungo termine anche come possibili responsabili di cambiamenti profondi come quelli identificati del DNA dei siciliani.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Radon ; DN ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-03-26
    Description: We investigated the geochemical features of the gases released from the Kizildag ophiolitic complex (Hatay, Turkey). Twenty-three samples both dissolved in hyperalkaline waters and free gases (bubbling gases and dry seeps) were collected. Samples were analysed for their chemical (He, H2, O2, N2, CH4 and CO2) and isotopic (He, d13C-CH4, d2H-CH4, d2H-H2) composition including the content and C-isotopic composition of C2 to C5 alkanes in free gases. Analytical results evidence H2 production through low temperature (〈80 C) serpentinization processes and subsequent abiogenic CH4 production through Fischer-Tropsch-type reactions. In some sample small additions of methane either of microbial or of thermogenic origin can be hypothesized. At one of the sites (Kisecik) a clear fractionation pattern due to microbial methane oxidation leading to strongly enriched isotopic values (d13C þ15‰ and d2H 68‰) and depletion in methane concentrations has been evidenced. At the dry gas seep of Kurtbagi methane flux measurements have been made and a preliminary output estimation of about 1000 kg per year has been obtained.
    Description: Published
    Description: 174-184
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Gas geochemistry ; Serpentinization ; Hydrogen ; Abiogenic methane ; Stable isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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