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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-02-03
    Description: Gases present in the Earth crust are important in various branches of human activities. Hydrocarbons are a significant energy resource, helium is applied in many high-tech instruments, and studies of crustal gas dynamics provide insight in the geodynamic processes and help monitor seismic and volcanic hazards. Quantitative analysis of methane and CO2 migration is important for climate change studies. Some of them are toxic (H2S, CO2, CO); radon is responsible for the major part of human radiation dose. The development of analytical techniques in gas geochemistry creates opportunities of applying this science in numerous fields. Noble gases, hydrocarbons, CO2, N2, H2, CO, and Hg vapor are measured by advanced methods in various environments and matrices including fluid inclusions. Following the “Geochemical Applications of Noble Gases”(2009), “Frontiers in Gas Geochemistry” (2013), and “Progress in the Application of Gas Geochemistry to Geothermal, Tectonic and Magmatic Studies” (2017) published as special issues of Chemical Geology and “Gas geochemistry: From conventional to unconventional domains” (2018) published as a special issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology, this volume continues the tradition of publishing papers reflecting the diversity in scope and application of gas geochemistry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 976190
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geochemistry ; Atmosphere ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A seguito del terremoto del 6 aprile sono state eseguite campagne di misure geochimiche con lo scopo di verificare le modificazioni indotte dal terremoto, le relazioni fluidi/strutture tettoniche e l’origine dei fluidi (Italiano et al., 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007a, b, 2008, 2009a, b). Sono stati prelevati campioni di gas da pozzi ubicati in area epicentrale noti nella zona come “soffianti”, sono state eseguite misure di degassamento al suolo nelle aree interessate da fratturazione (indicazioni da Emergeo) e sono stati scaricati i dati di flusso di CO2 da una stazione remota ubicata in Umbria (San Faustino). Le misure di degassamanto al suolo sono state eseguite con i metodi generalmente applicati e noti in letteratura (camera di accumulo e concentrazione dinamica), ma il metodo della camera di accumulo è stato subito abbandonato perchè sensibile allo stato di imbibizione dello strato superficiale del terreno. Le misure sono state eseguite con il metodo della concentrazione dinamica (tubo inserito nel terreno a 50 cm di profondità sotto un flusso costante di 1l/min. di gas) hanno fornito utili indicazioni di un degassamento attivo con concentrazioni nel suolo di CO2 fino al 8% e contenuti di radon fino. Dai siti a maggiore concentrazione di CO2 sono stati prelevati campioni di gas del suolo per misure di laboratorio (composizione chimica ed isotopica). Le analisi eseguite sui gas campionati mostrano che, accanto alla componente atmosferica, è presente un tenore anomalo di CO2 (fino a 30-40 volte superiore alla concentrazione in aria) con composizione isotopica diversa dall’atmosfera (impoverimento in isotopo pesante) associata ad elio con contributo di tipo crostale (3He/4He inferiore a quello dell’aria) testimoniando l’esistenza di una fase di degassamento attivo di gas di origine crostale. L’esistenza di un degassamento attivo induce quesiti su quale sia l’origine dei fluidi emessi (in particolare la CO2) e quali siano le loro relazioni con il terremoto. La CO2 emessa in area ipocentrale potrebbe essere l’esito del degassamento da reservoir preesistenti. Alternativamente, dati sperimentali hanno accertato che è possibile produrre CO2 da stress meccanico su rocce carbonatiche (Italiano et al., 2007b, 2008) ed in particolare per l’Appennino centro settentrionale è stato proposto che parte della CO2 emessa sia originata da un processo simile a quello sperimentato in laboratorio che può avvenire durante le fasi di deformazione e durante la rottura. Tenuto conto anche delle anomalie di radon registrate in occasione del sisma, è necessario accertare quale sia l’origine, la circolazione e le modalità di rilascio dei fluidi, fornendo un modello che giustifichi tutte le anomalie osservate e sia utile per interpretazioni future.
    Description: OGS - Trieste Provincia Trieste EUCENTRE Codevintec
    Description: Published
    Description: 28° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida - Trieste 16-19 Novembre 2009
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geochemistry ; Fluids ; Active Tectonics ; L'Aquila earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: The Tibetan Plateau is growing by both vertical uplift and horizontal extension. It is a continuing debate how the Tibetan Plateau interacts with its surrounding plates and blocks. Due to intense tectonic activity, which produced catastrophic earthquakes, the tectonic zone between the northeast margin of the horizontal extending Tibetan Plateau and the stable Ordos Block has garnered considerable interest. This study investigated the spatial distribution of gas geochemical anomalies (e.g., high flux of CO2 in correspondence of the main faults) at regional scale together with the seismic tomography in correspondence of this tectonic zone with the aim to figure out the domain of convergent boundary between the Ordos block and Tibetan plateau, and trace the tectonic discontinuities which are able to transfer fluids through the crustal layers between the two main geological units. From northwest to southeast, obvious difference of spatial distributions of geochemical and geophysical features in the tectonic zone between the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos Block is inferred. The northeast area (Zone A) is dominated by thrust and strike-slip faults with clear velocity boundary underneath, where low crack density (ε), saturation rate (ξ) and Poisson’ ratio (σ) in the middle-lower crust coincided with the low values of heat flow and CO2 emissions, tectonic compression and regional locked-fault can be inducements. The southeast area (Zone C) is dominated by extensional tectonics with roughly E-W fast-velocity direction (FVD) of P-wave azimuthal anisotropy, where high permeability and porosity can be deduced from crustal high ε, ξ and relatively high σ anomalies, resulting in high heat flow, CO2 concentrations and fluxes at the surface, and predominantly crustal-derived gases. The intermediate area (Zone B) also dominated by thrust and strike-slip faults is an extraordinary zone, where intensely locked-fault were clearly revealed, while the predominant anisotropic FVDs in the middle crust changed obviously, more contribution of shallow gas component was detected, and CO2 flux, heat flow, and regional ε, ξ, and σ in the upper crust were higher, compared with those in Zone A, which indicated the regional crushing fragmentation underneath Zone B. The adopted multidisciplinary approach demonstrated that Zone B is the convergent boundary between the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos Block.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121386
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: fluids ; earthquakes ; helium ; Tibetan plateau
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-05-23
    Description: Geofluids from natural springs connect with the crust and/or mantle in many cases, and their geochemical anomalies could be significant for the study on faults activity and even earthquakes. Several natural springs are distributed along the Lenglongling fault zone (LLLFZ) in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where the Ms 6.9 Menyuan earthquake occurred on January 8th, 2022. Based on chemical and isotopic compositions (δD, δ18O, δ13C, and 3He/4He) of water and gas samples, the origin of geofluids and their potential correlation with fault activity even including earthquakes are preliminarily assessed in this paper. The δ13CCO2 values and 3He/4He ratios showed that the gas originating from the crust was associated with the metamorphism of carbonate rocks, whereas the δ18O and δD values of water samples indicated that the natural springs were predominantly infiltrated with precipitations from local mountains ranging 3.7 - 5.5 km in height. Obvious changes of Ca2+ and HCO3􀀀 concentrations in SZK spring waters in the surface rupture zones were observed in a short period (about three months) after the main shock, in contrast to those of the GSK springs far from the surface rupture zones. Such variations might be correlated with the stress increase prior to the 2022 Menyuan Ms 6.9 earthquake. The mechanical fracturing of surrounding limestone rocks during the slipping movement of LLLF could facilitate the water-rock interactions. Compared to three-month observations after the main shock, relatively higher concentrations of HCO3􀀀 and heavier δ18OH2O values of the LHG springs were also observed in the short-term period. The shallow stored formation water might be squeezed along the cracks and rose to the surface during earthquake tremors, causing a sandblasting water phenomenon.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105767
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Menyuan earthquake ; Natural spring ; Fluid geochemistry ; Lenglongling fault ; Tibetan plateau
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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