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  • 1
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    Carbon dioxide in the urban area of Naples: Contribution and effects of the volcanic source (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Naples is a large city located between two active volcanic areas: Campi Flegrei to theWand Vesuvius to the SE. The Solfatara crater, inside the caldera of the Campi Flegrei and nearest to the western quarters of the city, is a prodigious source of natural CO2 with a mean emission rate of 1067 ton/d, i.e. seven times higher than that of Vesuvius(151 ton/d). This study shows that the area around the Solfatara and part of the urban area of Naples are affected by the volcanic plume when atmospheric circulatory patterns are dominated by the locally frequent sea breezes. Under these conditions the CO2 content in the air increases above normal values, reaching more than 1000 ppm in proximity to the Solfatara crater to a few tens of ppm several kilometres from the source. Although these values do not indicate a health risk even under the most unfavourable atmospheric conditions, the volcanic source contributes to the total CO2 burden from all urban emissions and hence to overall air quality. An emission rate ten times higher than the present one would lead to an air CO2 concentration in excess of recommended health protection thresholds.
    Description: Published
    Description: 52-61
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO2 dispersion; Solfatara; Gas hazard; Campi Flegrei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Sill intrusion as a source mechanism of unrest at volcanic calderas (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The interpretation of dynamic processes that occur in volcanic calderas is not simple. The ground deformations and the local seismicity, which in other volcanic contexts are usually regarded as precursors to eruption, in caldera environment in many cases are not followed by any eruption. We formulate a general hypothesis that can explain these behaviors. Our hypothesis is that the intrusion of a sill can be responsible for the dynamics observed during unrest at calderas. In order to investigate the reliability of this hypothesis, we developed a dynamic model of sill intrusion in a shallow volcanic environment. In our model, the sill, fed by a deeper magma reservoir, intrudes below a horizontal elastic plate, representing the overlying rocks, and expands with axisymmetric geometry. The model is based on the numerical solution of the equation for the elastic plate, coupled with a Navier-Stokes equation for simulating the dynamics of the sill intrusion. We performed a number of simulations, with the objective of showing the main features of the model. In the experiments, when the feeding process stops, the vertical movement reverses its trend and the area of maximum uplift undergoes subsidence. Under certain conditions the subsidence can occur even during the intrusion of the sill. The stress field produced by the intrusion is mainly concentrated in a circular zone that follows the sill intrusion front. The features predicted by the model are consistent with many observations carried out on different calderas as reported in the scientific literature.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3986–4000
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: sill intrusion ; caldera ; volcano geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Insight into Vent Opening Probability in Volcanic Calderas in the Light of a Sill Intrusion Model (2016)
    Springer Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The aim of this paper is to discuss a novel approach to provide insights on the probability of vent opening in calderas, using a dynamic model of sill intrusion. The evolution of the stress field is the main factor that controls the vent opening processes in volcanic calderas. On the basis of previous studies, we think that the intrusion of sills is one of the most common mechanism governing caldera unrest. Therefore, we have investigated the spatial and temporal evolution of the stress field due to the emplacement of a sill at shallow depth to provide insight on vent opening probability. We carried out several numerical experiments by using a physical model, to assess the role of the magma properties (viscosity), host rock characteristics (Young’s modulus and thickness), and dynamics of the intrusion process (mass flow rate) in controlling the stress field. Our experiments highlight that high magma viscosity produces larger stress values, while low magma viscosity leads to lower stresses and favors the radial spreading of the sill. Also high-rock Young’s modulus gives high stress intensity, whereas low values of Young’s modulus produce a dramatic reduction of the stress associated with the intrusive process. The maximum intensity of tensile stress is concentrated at the front of the sill and propagates radially with it, over time. In our simulations, we find that maximum values of tensile stress occur in ringshaped areas with radius ranging between 350 m and 2500 m from the injection point, depending on the model parameters. The probability of vent opening is higher in these areas
    Description: This work was supported by the MED-SUV Project funded by the European Union (FP7 Grant Agreement No. 308665).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1703–1720
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Caldera dynamics ; volcanic unrest ; sill intrusion ; vent opening probability ; volcanic hazard ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    The MU-RAY project: Summary of the round-table discussions (2010)
    TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-25
    Description: The MU-RAY project has the challenging aim of performing muon radiography of the summit cone of Mt. Vesuvius. The muon telescopes developed for this purpose will be available for the radiography of other volcanoes, in particular Stromboli. The scientific goals, the strategy for their implementation and the baseline detector design are discussed in detail. A tentative time schedule for the project is drawn.
    Description: Published
    Description: 145–151
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Muon ; radiography ; volcanoes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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