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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics  (4)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics  (2)
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  • 1
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    Seismotectonics of strike–slip earthquakes within the deep crust of southern Italy: Geometry, kinematics, stress field and crustal rheology of the Potenza 1990–1991 seismic sequences (Mmax 5.7) (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a revision and a seismotectonic interpretation of deep crust strike–slip earthquake sequences that occurred in 1990– 1991 in the Southern Apennines (Potenza area). The revision is motivated by: i) the striking similarity to a seismic sequence that occurred in 2002 ∼140 km NNW, in an analogous tectonic context (Molise area), suggesting a common seismotectonic environment of regional importance; ii) the close proximity of such deep strike–slip seismicity with shallow extensional seismicity (Apennine area); and iii) the lack of knowledge about the mechanical properties of the crust that might justify the observed crustal seismicity. A comparison between the revised 1990–1991 earthquakes and the 2002 earthquakes, as well as the integration of seismological data with a rheological analysis offer new constraints on the regional seismotectonic context of crustal seismicity in the Southern Apennines. The seismological revision consists of a relocation of the aftershock sequences based on newly constrained velocity models. New focal mechanisms of the aftershocks are computed and the active state of stress is constrained via the use of a stress inversion technique. The relationships among the observed seismicity, the crustal structure of the Southern Apennines, and the rheological layering are analysed along a crustal section crossing southern Italy, by computing geotherms and two-mechanism (brittle frictional vs. ductile plastic strength) rheological profiles. The 1990–1991 seismicity is concentrated in a well-defined depth range (mostly between 15 and 23 km depths). This depth range corresponds to the upper pat of the middle crust underlying the Apulian sedimentary cover, in the footwall of the easternmost Apennine thrust system. The 3D distribution of the aftershocks, the fault kinematics, and the stress inversion indicate the activation of a right-lateral strike–slip fault striking N100°E under a stress field characterized by a sub-horizontal N142°-trending σ1 and a sub-horizontal N232°-trending σ3, very similar to the known stress field of the Gargano seismic zone in the Apulian foreland. The apparent anomalous depths of the earthquakes (N15 km) and the confinement within a relatively narrow depth range are explained by the crustal rheology, which consists of a strong brittle layer at mid crustal depths sandwiched between two plastic horizons. This articulated rheological stratification is typical of the central part of the Southern Apennine crust, where the Apulian crust is overthrusted by Apennine units. Both the Potenza 1990–1991 and the Molise 2002 seismic sequences can be interpreted to be due to crustal E–W fault zones within the Apulian crust inherited from previous tectonic phases and overthrusted by Apennine units during the Late Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene. The present strike–slip tectonic regime reactivated these fault zones and caused them to move with an uneven mechanical behaviour; brittle seismogenic faulting is confined to the strong brittle part of the middle crust. This strong brittle layer might also act as a stress guide able to laterally transmit the deviatoric stresses responsible for the strike–slip regime in the Apulian crust and may explain the close proximity (nearly overlapping) of the strike–slip and normal faulting regimes in the Southern Apennines. From a methodological point of view, it seems that rather simple two-mechanism rheological profiles, though affected by uncertainties, are still a useful tool for estimating the rheological properties and likely seismogenic behaviour of the crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 281–300
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Strike–slip seismicity; ; Deep crust; ; Active stress; ; Crustal rheology; ; Seismotectonics; ; Southern Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Morphotectonic analysis of the Lunigiana and Garfagnana grabens (northern Apennines, Italy): Implications for active normal faulting (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This work integrates existing structural geology data with new detailed geomorphic analyses of the fluvial network to characterize active and potentially seismogenic faults bordering the Lunigiana and Garfagnana basins in the northern Apennines of Italy. These two basins are NW–SE-oriented asymmetric grabens, bordered by several normal faults with a poorly known, but probable recent slip history. Several strong earthquakes (M 5.0–6.5) have occurred in the area in the last millennium, demonstrating that this is one of the most seismically active areas of the northern Apennines. However, the lack of reliable instrumental data for strong earthquakes, generally low deformation rates, and poor exposures of faulted Quaternary sediments render the characterization of active, seismogenic faults problematic. Here, we quantify the relationships between faults and watershed-scale geomorphology using 10-m digital topography to extract channel and basin metrics, such as steepness, concavity, and stream length-gradient indices of modeled river longitudinal profiles. In particular, convex segments of longitudinal profiles (knickpoints) are investigated in the spatial context of suspected active faults. Several knickpoints arise locally from juxtaposed rock types of different erodibility; however, many others mapped along major normal faults have a clear tectonic origin. In fact, the height of the footwall knickpoints (the closest to the fault trace) varies along-strike the fault, increasing toward the fault center and tapering off toward the fault tips, mimicking the expected displacement profile of a fault. In these cases, we consider the knickpoint height as a proxy of the fault throw accumulated by the youngest fault activity, probably during the late Quaternary. The along-strike distribution of knickpoint heights helps in defining the likely segmentation pattern of the fault system. The identified active normal fault segments have lengths ranging from 9.5 to 28.5 km. The inferred late Quaternary throw rate ranges from 0.3 to 0.8 mm/a; however, the absence of any offset datable material limits our ability to assign precise numeric ages and rates of offset to the faulting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 293-311
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Northern Apennines ; Active fault ; Normal fault ; Tectonic geomorphology ; Knickpoint ; Geomorphic indices ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    A multidisciplinary approach to the seismotectonics of the Lunigiana and Garfagnana extensional basins (Northern Tuscany, Italy) (2007)
    Società Geologica Italiana
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-14
    Description: New geological and morpho-structural surveys are integrated with seismological and seismic reflection data in order to define the active and potentially seismogenic sources of the Lunigiana and Garfagnana extensional basins (Tuscany, Northern Italy). The seismogenic role of the E-W-striking transfer fault between the Lunigiana and Garfagnana basins, located at the northern termination of the Apuane metamorphic core, and its possible association with a number of historical earthquakes are also discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 88-89
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismotectonics, seismic reflection data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Frontiers in earth sciences: new ideas and interpretation (2006)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Editrice Compositori
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A one-day symposium on new and conventional ideas in plate tectonics and Mediterranean geodynamics was held in Rome on February 19, 2003 at the headquarters of INGV. There were two main reasons for such an initiative. The first was an invitation to Giancarlo Scalera from the «Gabriele D’Annunzio» University of Chieti to present his alternative ideas on global tectonics to final year students of the Regional Geology course. The second was a reciprocal invitation to Giusy Lavecchia and Francesco Stoppa to explain their criticisms of the application of subduction-related models to Italian geology and to present their data on the recently discovered intra-Apennines carbonatite occurrences. It was decided to dedicate an entire day to seminars, involving people with a more conventional approach to geodynamics, especially those involved with seismic tomography. In the last few years, high-resolution mantle tomographic models have been widely used to unravel the geometry of subduction zones. A turning point in the field, however, was a review paper written by Fukao et al. (Rev. Geophysics, 39, 291-323, 2001) showing that there was no clear evidence for slab subduction down to the core-mantle boundary, thus posing a major problem on the balance between the lithosphere subducted at consuming plate margins and the large amount of oceanic lithosphere accreted at diverging plate margins. This prompted the need to re-evaluate the nature of subduction and plate margin evolution. Accepting the theory of plate tectonics, many problems remain open, especially those regarding plate driving mechanisms and their possible link with the forces developed at the core-mantle boundary. Might these forces trigger pulsating tectonic and magmatic activity, with mantle upwellings and large-scale emission of CO2, capable of causing dramatic changes in the composition of the atmosphere and changes at the Earth’s surface? Could these lead to major catastrophic changes in Earth history? During the one-day symposium, a stimulating discussion took place involving different interpretations of observations, especially those relating to the geodynamics of the Mediterranean region. Although the papers in this collection do not provide unique solutions, they do, however, provide new insights into some problems and in some cases suggest new interpretations. Many questions also arise about the relationships between the tectonics of the lithosphere and the deep mantle processes. May the denser portions of the inner parts of the Earth transform into shallower, lighter chemical phases, with a possible increase in the Earth’s volume? May the asthenosphere above growing plume heads be capable of dragging the overlying lithosphere? May mantle plumes be wet rather than hot? Some papers consider gravitation to be a driving mechanism for the nucleation of contractional belts and others even doubt the compressional origin of orogens. Finally – as a link to fundamental physics – an original mechanism of energy conversion from gravitons to photons is proposed as a supply of energy for global tectonic processes. Obviously, because of an often diverse philosophical and scientific background, it is difficult for the ideas presented in this supplement to be shared by all readers and contributors. But we hope that these ideas will help to encourage critical evaluations of some commonly accepted concepts in modern plate tectonic theory. European geoscientists have available to them an exceptional natural laboratory – the Mediterranean and surrounding orogens – complete with all of its paradoxes and contradictions. In this natural laboratory, we hope that new evidence and new solutions to a variety of problems outside of the Mediterranean region will be found!
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: alternative theories in the Earth sciences ; conventional theories in the Earth sciences ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Crustal structure and seismotectonics of central Sicily (southern Italy): new constraints from instrumental seismicity (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: In this paper, we propose a new model of the crustal structure and seismotectonics for central Sicily (southern Italy) through the analysis of the depth distribution and kinematics of the instrumental seismicity, occurring during the period from 1983 to 2010, and its comparison with individual geological structures that may be active in the area. The analysed data set consists of 392 earthquakes with local magnitudes ranging from 1.0 to 4.7. We defined a new, detailed 1-D velocity model to relocate the earthquakes that occurred in central Sicily, and we calculated a Moho depth of 37 km and a mean VP/VS ratio of 1.73. The relocated seismic events are clustered mainly in the area north of Caltanissetta (e.g. Mainland Sicily) and in the northeastern sector (Madonie Mountains) of the study area; only minor and greatly dispersed seismicity is located in the western sector, near Belice, and along the southern coast, between Gela and Sciacca. The relocated hypocentral distribution depicts a bimodal pattern: 50 per cent of the events occur within the upper crust at depths less than ~16 km, 40 per cent of the events occur within the middle and depth crust, at depths between 16 and 32 km, and the remaining 10 per cent occur at subcrustal depths. The energy release pattern shows a similar depth distribution. On the basis of the kinematic analysis of 38 newly computed focal plane solutions, two major geographically distinct seismotectonic domains are distinguished: the Madonie Mountain domain, with prevalent extensional and extensional-oblique kinematics associated with upper crust Late Pliocene–Quaternary faulting, and the Mainland Sicily domain, with prevalent compressional and compressional-oblique kinematics associated with thrust faulting, at mid to deep crust depth, along the north-dipping Sicilian Basal Thrust (SBT). The stress inversion of the Mainland Sicily focal solutions integrated with neighbouring mechanisms available in the literature highlights a regional homogeneous compressional tensor, with a subhorizontal NNW–SSE-striking σ1 axis. In addition, on the basis of geodetic data, the Mainland Sicily domain may be attributed to the SSE-ward thrusting of the Mainland Sicily block along the SBT plane. Seismogenic shearing along the SBT at mid-crustal depths was responsible for the unexpected Belice 1968 earthquake (Mw 6.1), with evident implications in terms of hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1237-2252
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismicity and tectonics ; Continental tectonics: compressional ; Dynamics: seismotectonics ; Crustal structure ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    The April 2009 Aquila (central Italy) seismic sequence (Mw6.3): A preliminary seismotectonic picture, (2015)
    Nova Science Publishers, New York
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: On April 6, 2009, an Mw 6.3 earthquake struck the town of L’Aquila in the Abruzzo region in central Italy. It was followed by a long seismic crisis with other four events with Mw between 5.1 and 5.6. Seismological and geological data point out an upper crust extensional stress field with an average WSW-ENE tensional axis. In the course of the seismic sequence, two distinct en échelon fault sources were activated: first, the SW-dipping Paganica normal fault, which is associated with the Mw 6.3 event; and, subsequently, the southern part of the WSW-dipping Gorzano normal fault.Co-seismic ground deformation (open fissures, en échelon cracks and shear planes with centimetric downthrows) was surveyed for ~ 13 km along the Paganica fault. The integration of the information from this last Italian earthquake with the previous seismotectonic background has allowed us to further detail the 3-D shape and the size of some of the individual seismogenic sources of the Apennine active extensional belt.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-17
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: L’Aquila, Apennines, central Italy ; seismogenic source ; normal fault ; fault segmentation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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