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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models  (4)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: Here we present stable isotope data from three sediment records from lakes that lie along the Macedonian-Albanian border (Lake Prespa: 1 core, and Lake Ohrid: 2 cores). The records only overlap for the last 40 kyr, although the longest record contains the MIS 5/6 transition (Lake Ohrid). The sedimentary characteristics of both lakes differ significantly between the glacial and interglacial phases. At the end of MIS 6 Lake Ohrid's water level was low (high δ18Ocalcite) and, although productivity was increasing (high calcite content), the carbon supply was mainly from inorganic catchment rock sources (high δ13Ccarb). During the last interglacial, calcite and TOC production and preservation increased, progressively lower δ18Ocalcite suggest increase in humidity and lake levels till around 115 ka. During ca. 80 ka to 11 ka the lake records suggest cold conditions as indicated by negligible calcite precipitation and low organic matter content. In Lake Ohrid δ13Corg are complacent, in contrast Lake Prespa shows consistently higher δ13Corg suggesting a low oxidation of 13C-depleted organic matter in agreement with a general deterioration of climate conditions during the glacial. From 15 ka to the onset of the Holocene, calcite and TOC begin to increase, suggesting lake levels were probably low (high δ18Ocalcite). In the Holocene (11 ka to present) enhanced productivity is manifested by high calcite and organic matter content. All three cores show an early Holocene characterised by low δ18Ocalcite, apart from the very early Holocene phase in Prespa where the lowest δ18Ocalcite occurs at ca. 7.5 ka, suggesting a phase of higher lake level only in (the more sensitive) Lake Prespa. From 6 ka δ18Ocalcite suggest progressive aridification, in agreement with many other records in the Mediterranean, although the uppermost sediments in one core records low δ18Ocalcite which we interpret as a result of human activity. Overall, the isotope data present here confirm that these two big lakes have captured the large scale, low frequency palaeoclimate variation that is seen in Mediterranean lakes, although in detail there is much palaeoclimate information that could be gained, especially small scale, high frequency differences between this region and the Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3815-3853
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: tephrostratigraphy ; lake sediments ; paleoclimate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: Four cores from Balkans lakes Ohrid and Prespa were studied for recognition of tephra layers and cryptotephras, and the results presented along with the review of data from other two already published cores from Lake Ohrid. The six cores provide a previously unrealised tephrostratigraphic framework of the two lakes, and supply the first detailed tephrochronologic profile (composite) for the Balkans, which spans from the end of the Middle Pleistocene to the end of the Ancient Age (AD 472). A total of 12 tephra layers and cryptotephras were recognised in the cores. One is of Middle Pleistocene age (131 ky) and correlated to the marine tephra layer P-11 from Pantelleria Island. Eight volcanic layers are Upper Pleistocene in age, and encompass the period between ca. 107 ky and ca. 31 ky. This interval contains some of the main regional volcanic markers of the Central Mediterranean area, including X-6, X-5, Y-5 and Y-3 tephra layers. The other layers of this interval have been related to the marine tephra layers C20, Y-6 and C10, while one was for the first time recognised in distal areas and correlated to the Taurano eruption of probable Vesuvian origin. Three cryptotephras were of Holocene age. Two of which have been correlated to Mercato and AD 472 eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius, while the third has been correlated to the FL eruption from Mount Etna. These recognitions provide a link of the Ohrid and Prespa lacustrine successions to other archives of the Central Mediterranean area, like South Adriatic, Ionian, and South Tyrrhenian Seas, lakes of Southern Italy (Lago Grande di Monticchio, Pantano di San Gregorio Magno and Lago di Pergusa) and Balkans (Lake Shkodra).
    Description: Published
    Description: 3931-3967
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: isotopic geochemistry ; lake sediments ; paleoclimate proxies ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Lake Ohrid is probably of Pliocene age, and the oldest extant lake in Europe. In this study climatic and environmental changes during the last glacial-interglacial cycle are reconstructed using lithological, sedimentological, geochemical and physical proxy analysis of a 15-m-long sediment succession from Lake Ohrid. A chronological framework is derived from tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating, which yields a basal age of ca. 136 ka. The succession is not continuous, however, with a hiatus between ca. 97.6 and 81.7 ka. Sediment accumulation in course of the last climatic cycle is controlled by the complex interaction of a variety of climate-controlled parameters and their impact on catchment dynamics, limnology, and hydrology of the lake. Warm interglacial and cold glacial climate conditions can be clearly distinguished from organic matter, calcite, clastic detritus and lithostratigraphic data. During interglacial periods, short-term fluctuations are recorded by abrupt variations in organic matter and calcite content, indicating climatically-induced changes in lake productivity and hydrology. During glacial periods, high variability in the contents of coarse silt to fine sand sized clastic matter is probably a function of climatically-induced changes in catchment dynamics and wind activity. In some instances tephra layers provide potential stratigraphic markers for short-lived climate perturbations. Given their widespread distribution in sites across the region, tephra analysis has the potential to provide insight into variation in the impact of climate and environmental change across the Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 295-310
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Lake Ohrid ; Mediterranean ; Tephrochronology ; Paleolimnology ; Last glacial-interglacial cycle ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Lakes Prespa and Ohrid, in the Balkan region, are considered to be amongst the oldest lakes in Europe. Both lakes are hydraulically connected via karst aquifers. From Lake Ohrid, several sediment cores up to 15 m long have been studied over the last few years. Here, we document the first long sediment record from nearby Lake Prespa to clarify the influence of Lake Prespa on Lake Ohrid and the environmental history of the region. Radiocarbon dating and dated tephra layers provide robust age control and indicate that the 10.5 m long sediment record from Lake Prespa reaches back to 48 ka. Glacial sedimentation is characterized by low organic matter content and absence of carbonates in the sediments, which indicate oligotrophic conditions in both lakes. Holocene sedimentation is characterized by particularly high carbonate content in Lake Ohrid and by particularly high organic matter content in Lake Prespa, which indicates a shift towards more mesotrophic conditions in the latter. Long-term environmental change and short-term events, such as related to the Heinrich events during the Pleistocene or the 8.2 ka cooling event during the Holocene, are well recorded in both lakes, but are only evident in certain proxies. The comparison of the sediment cores from both lakes indicates that environmental change affects particularly the trophic state of Lake Prespa due to its lower volume and water depth.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3365-3392
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geocehemistry ; lake sediments ; paleoclimate proxies ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complex dielectric constant of aqueous hemoglobin solution was measured at 9.5 GHz. A microwave technique allowing phase and attenuation settings with an accuracy of 0.3° and 0.03 db was used. The shift of the relaxation wavelength and the hydration values of horse hemoglobin were determined for native and lyophilized hemoglobin solution and erythrocytes suspensions as well. The isotope effect of light and heavy water on these parameters was detected. The influence of buffers was studied. Relative measurements, with the sensitivity increased by a factor of 20, were made with alternating oxygenated and deoxygenated human hemoglobin solutions. The oxygenation of hemoglobin was found to leave the hydrated molecule volume invariant within ±250 Å3, while a shift of the relaxation wavelength of 0.0025 ± 0.0015 cm occurs for a hemoglobin concentration of 107 g/l. The results are discussed in terms of the structure and function interrelationship of hemoglobin and the current picture of water structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dielectric dispersion measurements with aqueous solutions of hemoglobin and myoglobin have been performed in the frequency range from 100 kcps to 15 Mcps. The influence of preparation, particle size, and solvent conditions was studied. The results are analyzed in terms of an orientational polarization mechanism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 41-43 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Progress in the Manufacture of Acidresistant StonewareOne of the distinguishing features of stoneware is its resistance to chemical action and its outstanding mechanical properties. These qualities permitted the development of stoneware to keep pace with that of the chemical industry.The article describes further progress in the field of acid-resistant stoneware. Particular emphasis is laid on the development of special mixtures having great powers of resistance to temperature changes, at the same time retaining their excellent heat-conducting properties. Improvements in the mechanical working of stoneware are also discussed.The mechanical working of stoneware by grinding, polishing and threading has been brought to the point where the accuracy and finish of the work is equivalent to that obtaining in metal working practice. A new field of application of stoneware was thereby opened. The production of air and dust locks for use in installation working with ultrafine abrasive dust particles is an example. Stoneware rollers having precision ground surfaces are used in various industries. Ground, polished and threaded stoneware components enable many improvements and simplifications to be made in the design of machinery and equipment for the chemical industry.
    Notes: Kennzeichnend für den Werkstoff Steinzeug sind seine Beständigkeit gegenüber chemischer Korrosion und seine ausgezeichneten mechanischen Eigenschaften. Beides waren die Voraussetzungen, um mit der Entwicklung der chemischen Großindustrie Schritt halten zu können.In der Abhandlung werden weitere Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet des säurefesten Steinzeug besprochen. Diese werden besonders deutlich durch Entwicklung von temperaturwechselbeständigen und wärmeleitfähigen Spezialmassen und durch Verbesserung der Nachbearbeitungsmethoden.Die mechanische Bearbeitung von Steinzeug durch Schleifen, Polieren und Gewindeschneiden wurde so weit entwickelt, daß eine Vergütung und Maßgenauigkeit möglich ist, wie in der Metallindustrie. Dadurch wurden dem Steinzeug neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten erschlossen. Beispielsweise werden Staubschleusen zur Förderung von feinsten aggressiven Staubteilchen hergestellt. Steinzeugwalzen mit präzisem Schliff der Oberfläche finden in verschiedenen Industriezweigen Verwendung. Geschliffene, polierte und mit Gewinde versehene Steinzeugteile brachten Vereinfachungen und Verbesserungen im Steinzeugmaschinen- und Apparatebau.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 977-978 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 8 (1970), S. 453-453 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new class of high molecular weight polyarylsulfones is described. Polymer synthesis and structure-property relationships are discussed. The polymers are prepared by Friedel-Crafts type polycondensation of aromatic sulfonyl chlorides with aromatic hydrocarbons. A number of Lewis acids in small quantities are useful as catalysts for the polymerization. The polymerization reaction is carried out at elevated temperatures in the melt or in solution. Inert, nonbasic solvents which are compatible with the Lewis acid catalysts such as nitrobenzene and dimethyl sulfone are useful for conducting the polymerization. Many of the polyarylsulfones are amorphous, rigid thermoplastics with unusually high softening points, having glass transition temperatures in the range of 200-350°C. Outstanding resistance to air oxidation at high temperatures is derived from incorporation of the deactivating sulfone groups in the aromatic polymer backbone. Melt stability and solubility in selected solvents are emphasized as basis for processibility by conventional solution casting and molding techniques. The combination of properties, which in addition to thermal stability includes a high level of mechanical and electrical properties, chemical inertness, and hydrolysis resistance makes these new arylsulfone polymers useful over a wide temperature range and in severe and corrosive environments.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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