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  • 1
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    First directional European palaeosecular variation curve for the Neolithic based on archaeomagnetic data (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age anthropogenic cave sediments from three caves from northern Spain have been palaeomagnetically investigated. 662 oriented specimens corresponding to 39 burning events (ash–carbonaceous couplets) from the three sites with an average of 16 samples per fire were collected. 26 new archaeomagnetic directions have been obtained for the time period ranging from 5500 to 2000 yr cal. BC. These results represent the oldest archaeomagnetic directions obtained from burnt archaeological materials throughout all Western Europe. Magnetisation is carried by pseudo-single domain low-coercivity ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite, magnetite with no significant isomorphous substitution and/or maghaemite). Rock-magnetic experiments indicate a thermoremanent origin of the magnetisation although a thermochemical magnetisation cannot be excluded. Combination of the new data presented here and the recent updated Bulgarian database allows us to propose the first European palaeosecular variation (PSV) curve for the Neolithic. A bootstrap method was applied for the curve construction using penalised cubic B-splines in time. The new palaeosecular variation curve is well constrained from 6000 BC to 3700 BC, the period with the highest density of data, showing a declination maximum around 4700 BC and a minimum in inclination at 4300 BC, which are not recorded by the recent global CALS10K.1b and regional SCHA.DIF.8K models due to the use of lake sediment data. Dating resolution by using the proposed PSV curve oscillates from approximately ±30 yr to ±200 yr for the period 6000 to 1000 yr BC, reaching similar resolution as radiocarbon dating. Considering the good preservation, age-control and widespread occurrence of burnt archaeological materials across Southern Europe, they represent a new source of data for geomagnetic field modelling, as well as for archaeomagnetic dating.
    Description: Published
    Description: 124-137
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: secular variation ; archaeomagnetism ; rock-magnetism ; thermoremanence ; Neolithic ; archaeology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    A geomagnetic field model fo the Holocene based on archaeomagnetic and lava flow data (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We propose a new geomagnetic field model for the Holocene period based on archaeomagnetic and lava flow data, avoiding the use of lake sediment data. The source of data comes from the GEOMAGIA50v2 database which has been updated with the new archaeomagnetic and volcanic studies published during the last 3 years. The model, called SHA.DIF.14k, allows us to analyse the behaviour of the geomagnetic field for the last 14000 years: from 12000 BC to 1900 AD. For the model construction we use the spherical harmonic analysis in space and the penalized cubic B-splines in time. Both spatial and temporal regularization norms are used to constrain the inversion problem and applied at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) to assure the convergence of the model. For the last 3ka, the model predictions agree with those given by the global model ARCH3k.1 and the European model SCHA.DIF.3k. For older epochs, the new model presents a clear improvement in field resolution with respect to other current models of the geomagnetic field for the Holocene. For the last 9ka, the time evolution of the dipolar moment obtained from the dipole field shows a clear minimum between 5500 BC and 3000 BC, and the well-known continuous decreasing trend of the geomagnetic field strength for the last millennium and half. A general view of the time-average evolution of the geomagnetic field flux lobes at the CMB for the northern hemisphere suggests a marked lobe of positive magnetic flux when the dipole moment was maximum. This lobe vanishes when the dipolar field is decreasing. The north polar wander paths of both north magnetic dip and geomagnetic poles were obtained showing an average rate of motion of 5.1 km/yr and 3.7 km/yr respectively. The model shows that the geomagnetic field can be averaged as axial dipolar in ~2000 years within an error of 5º, the typical uncertainty of the palaeomagnetic studies. Finally, and following the recent definition of archaeomagnetic jerks, we found 8 critical events in the time-evolution of the geomagnetic field for the last 8ka characterized by a maximum in the hemispheric asymmetry of the proposed model. The model is available in the Earth Ref Digital Archive at http://earthref.org/ERDA/1897/.
    Description: Published
    Description: 98-109
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geomagnetism ; archaeomagnetism ; geomagnetic field model ; secular variation ; holocene ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.01. Dynamo theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    2700 years of Mediterranean environmental change in central Italy: a synthesis of sedimentary and cultural records to interpret past impacts of climate on society (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-23
    Description: Abrupt climate change in the past is thought to have disrupted societies by accelerating environmental degradation, potentially leading to cultural collapse. Linking climate change directly to societal disruption is challenging because socioeconomic factors also play a large role, with climate being secondary or sometimes inconsequential. Combining paleolimnologic, historical, and archaeological methods provides for a more secure basis for interpreting the past impacts of climate on society. We present pollen, nonpollen palynomorph, geochemical, paleomagnetic and sedimentary data from a high-resolution 2700 yr lake sediment core from central Italy and compare these data with local historical documents and archeological surveys to reconstruct a record of environmental change in relation to socioeconomic history and climatic fluctuations. Here we document cases in which environmental change is strongly linked to changes in local land management practices in the absence of clear climatic change, as well as examples when climate change appears to have been a strong catalyst that resulted in significant environmental change that impacted local communities. During the Imperial Roman period, despite a long period of stable, mild climate, and a large urban population in nearby Rome, our site shows only limited evidence for environmental degradation. Warm and mild climate during the Medieval Warm period, on the other hand, led to widespread deforestation and erosion. The ability of the Romans to utilize imported resources through an extensive trade network may have allowed for preservation of the environment near the Roman capital, whereas during medieval time, the need to rely on local resources led to environmental degradation. Cool wet climate during the Little Ice Age led to a breakdown in local land use practices, widespread land abandonment and rapid reforestation. Our results present a highresolution regional case study that explores the effect of climate change on society for an underdocumented region of Europe.
    Description: Published
    Description: 72 - 94
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Central Italy ; Mediterranean environments ; Society and climate ; Paleoenvironmental change ; Pollen ; Paleomagnetism ; Geochemistry ; Historical documents ; Late Holocene ; Roman Empire ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.03. Climate Indicators ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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