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  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (4)
  • motility  (3)
  • 01180938; AESOPS; Antarctic Environments Southern Ocean Process Study; Biogenic silica; Bottle, Niskin; Bottle number; DEPTH, water; Dissolution of biogenic silica, specific; Irradiance; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; KIWI-8; KIWI-8/4-9; NIS; Production of biogenic silica; Roger A. Revelle; Silicate; Southern Ocean  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 24 (1993), S. 17-28 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: antibody ; motility ; axoneme ; ATPase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three forms of dynein (22S, 19S, and 12S) were purified from Paramecium cilia. Two classes of monoclonal antibodies against purified 22S dynein were generated. One class reacted on immunoblots with the heavy chains of 22S, 19S, and 12S dyneins; the second class reacted with an 88 kD intermediate chain of 22S dynein. Polyclonal antiserum to the heavy chains of 22S dynein reacted with the γ-heavy chain of 22S and 19S dyneins. A previously described antiserum raised against 22S dynein [Travis et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta 966:73-83, 1988] recognized the γ-heavy chain of 22S dynein which was also present in 19S and 12S dyneins, along with the 88 and 76 kD intermediate chains of 22S dynein. This antiserum was also able to immunoprecipitate dynein from crude extracts of cilia.Electron microscopy revealed that the 22S dynein consisted mainly of two-headed particles with some three-headed particles present. The 12S dynein was mainly one-headed particles. The 19S dynein was a mixture of three-, two-, and one-headed particles. The immunological and electron microscopic studies showed that 19S dynein arises from 22S dynein, and that 12S dynein is heterogeneous, composed of the γ-heavy chain of 22S dynein and a unique dynein ATPase.The polyclonal antibodies were also used to detect cross-reactive proteins in other organisms. Both the anti-heavy chain and the anti-22S dynein sera reacted strongly with 22S outer arm dynein of Tetrahymena, but not with the 14S dynein of this organism. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 30 (1995), S. 252-260 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axoneme ; ciliary regulation ; cyclic nucleotides ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the ciliated protozoan Paramecium, swimming direction is regulated by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the ciliary membrane. In response to depolarizing stimuli, intraciliary Ca2+ rises, triggering reversal of the ciliary power stroke and backward swimming. One class of Ca2+ -unresponsive behavioral mutants of Paramecium, atalanta mutants, cannot swim backward even though they have functional Ca2+ channels in their ciliary membrane. Several atalanta mutants were characterized with regard to several Ca2+ -dependent activities, but no significant difference between wild type and the mutants was detected. However, one allelic group, atalanta A (initially characterized by Hinrichsen and Kung [1984: Genet. Res. Camb. 43:11-20]), showed a helical swimming path of opposite handedness from that of wild-type cells when detergent-permeabilized cells (“models”) were reactivated with MgATP. When cGMP-dependent protein kinase purified from wild-type cells was added to atalanta A models, the handedness of the swimming path was reversed. Cyclic GMP stimulated in vitro phosphorylation of several proteins in isolated cilia, and the pattern of phosphoproteins was very similar for wild type and atalanta mutants, with one exception: a protein of 59 kDa was phosphorylated much less in the mutant ata A. When ciliary proteins were separated by gel electrophoresis and then phosphorylated “on blot” by purified cGMP-dependent protein kinase, phosphoprotein patterns were similar in wild type and ata mutants except that a 48 kDa protein (p48) from ata A3 was more heavily phosphorylated. This difference in p48 phosphorylation was also observed with cGMP-dependent protein kinase purified from ata A3 mutant cells. Ciliary p48 may be part of the mechanism that regulates the orientation of the ciliary power stroke. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 19 (1991), S. 91-98 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: motion analysis ; motility ; adaptation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Paramecium letraurelia is a ciliated protist that alters its swimming behavior in response to various stimuli. Like the sensory responses of many organisms, these responses in Paramecium show adaptation to continued stimulation. For quantitative studies of the initial response to stimulation. and of the time course of adaptation, we have developed a computerized motion analysis assay that can detect deviations from the normal swimming pattern in a population of cells. The motion of an average of ten cells was quantified during periods ranging from 15 to 60 seconds, with a time resolution of 1/15 seconds. During normal forward swimming, the maximum deviation from a straight-line path was less than 17°. Path deviations above this threshold value were defined as changes in swimming direction. The percentage of total path time that cells spent deviating from forward swimming was defined as percent directional changes (PDC). This parameter was used to construct dose-response curves for the behavioral effects of various externally added cations known to induce behavioral changes and also to show the time course of adaptation to a depolarizing K+ stimulus. This assay is a valuable tool for studies of chemoeffectors or mutations that alter the swimming behavior of Paramecium and may also be applicable to other motile organisms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Keywords: 01180938; AESOPS; Antarctic Environments Southern Ocean Process Study; Biogenic silica; Bottle, Niskin; Bottle number; DEPTH, water; Dissolution of biogenic silica, specific; Irradiance; JGOFS; Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; KIWI-8; KIWI-8/4-9; NIS; Production of biogenic silica; Roger A. Revelle; Silicate; Southern Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 48 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: A recent paper by Mishchenko et al. compares near-coincident MISR, MODIS, and AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD), and gives a much less favorable impression of the utility of the satellite products than that presented by the instrument teams and other groups. We trace the reasons for the differing pictures to whether known and previously documented limitations of the products are taken into account in the assessments. Specifically, the analysis approaches differ primarily in (1) the treatment of outliers, (2) the application of absolute vs. relative criteria for testing agreement, and (3) the ways in which seasonally varying spatial distributions of coincident retrievals are taken into account. Mishchenko et al. also do not distinguish between observational sampling differences and retrieval algorithm error. We assess the implications of the different analysis approaches, and cite examples demonstrating how the MISR and MODIS aerosol products have been applied successfully to a range of scientific investigations.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); Volume 112; Issue 5; 901-909
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2018-06-05
    Description: In this paper, Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol product attributes are described, including geometry and algorithm performance flags. Actual retrieval coverage is mapped and explained in detail using representative global monthly data. Statistical comparisons are made with coincident aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (ANG) retrieval results from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. The relationship between these results and the ones previously obtained for MISR and MODIS individually, based on comparisons with coincident ground-truth observations, is established. For the data examined, MISR and MODIS each obtain successful aerosol retrievals about 15% of the time, and coincident MISR-MODIS aerosol retrievals are obtained for about 6%-7% of the total overlap region. Cloud avoidance, glint and oblique-Sun exclusions, and other algorithm physical limitations account for these results. For both MISR and MODIS, successful retrievals are obtained for over 75% of locations where attempts are made. Where coincident AOD retrievals are obtained over ocean, the MISR-MODIS correlation coefficient is about 0.9; over land, the correlation coefficient is about 0.7. Differences are traced to specific known algorithm issues or conditions. Over-ocean ANG comparisons yield a correlation of 0.67, showing consistency in distinguishing aerosol air masses dominated by coarse-mode versus fine-mode particles. Sampling considerations imply that care must be taken when assessing monthly global aerosol direct radiative forcing and AOD trends with these products, but they can be used directly for many other applications, such as regional AOD gradient and aerosol air mass type mapping and aerosol transport model validation. Users are urged to take seriously the published product data-quality statements.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); Volume 47; Issue 12; 4095-4114
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Topics include: MINX Document 1 MISR : The instrument, its orbit and data products. MINX Document 2 MISR : Tools for ordering and viewing data. MINX Document 3 : MINX : Overview and plume case studies. MINX Document 4 : MINX basic features. MINX Document 5 : Measuring aerosol height and motion with MINX. MINX Document 5 : Handling complexities in height retrievals. Plume boundaries, Wind direction, Low Optical Thickness, Other complexities. Digitizing options. Managing plume projects.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: NASA-SERVIR MINX Workshop; Jun 04, 2012; Huntsville, AL; United States
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Airborne particles desert dust, wildfire smoke, volcanic effluent, urban pollution affect Earth's climate as well as air quality and health. They are found in the atmosphere all over the planet, but vary immensely in amount and properties with season and location. Most aerosol particles are injected into the near-surface boundary layer, but some, especially wildfire smoke, desert dust and volcanic ash, can be injected higher into the atmosphere, where they can stay aloft longer, travel farther, produce larger climate effects, and possibly affect human and ecosystem health far downwind. So monitoring aerosol injection height globally can make important contributions to climate science and air quality studies. The Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) is a space borne instrument designed to study Earths clouds, aerosols, and surface. Since late February 2000 it has been retrieving aerosol particle amount and properties, as well as cloud height and wind data, globally, about once per week. The MINX visualization and analysis tool complements the operational MISR data products, enabling users to retrieve heights and winds locally for detailed studies of smoke plumes, at higher spatial resolution and with greater precision than the operational product and other space-based, passive remote sensing techniques. MINX software is being used to provide plume height statistics for climatological studies as well as to investigate the dynamics of individual plumes, and to provide parameterizations for climate modeling.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN15885 , The Canadian Smoke Newsletter; 7-14
    Format: application/pdf
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