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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: Neutral oxygen in the saturnian system shows variability, and the total number of oxygen atoms peaks at 4 x 10(34). Saturn's aurora brightens in response to solar-wind forcing, and the auroral spectrum resembles Jupiter's. Phoebe's surface shows variable water-ice content, and the data indicate it originated in the outer solar system. Saturn's rings also show variable water abundance, with the purest ice in the outermost A ring. This radial variation is consistent with initially pure water ice bombarded by meteors, but smaller radial structures may indicate collisional transport and recent renewal events in the past 10(7) to 10(8) years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Esposito, Larry W -- Colwell, Joshua E -- Larsen, Kristopher -- McClintock, William E -- Stewart, A Ian F -- Hallett, Janet Tew -- Shemansky, Donald E -- Ajello, Joseph M -- Hansen, Candice J -- Hendrix, Amanda R -- West, Robert A -- Keller, H Uwe -- Korth, Axel -- Pryor, Wayne R -- Reulke, Ralf -- Yung, Yuk L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1251-5. Epub 2004 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, 234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, CO 80303-7814, USA. larry.esposito@lasp.colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrogen ; *Ice ; *Oxygen ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS) observed the extinction of photons from two stars by the atmosphere of Titan during the Titan flyby. Six species were identified and measured: methane, acetylene, ethylene, ethane, diacetylene, and hydrogen cyanide. The observations cover altitudes from 450 to 1600 kilometers above the surface. A mesopause is inferred from extraction of the temperature structure of methane, located at 615 km with a temperature minimum of 114 kelvin. The asymptotic kinetic temperature at the top of the atmosphere determined from this experiment is 151 kelvin. The higher order hydrocarbons and hydrogen cyanide peak sharply in abundance and are undetectable below altitudes ranging from 750 to 600 km, leaving methane as the only identifiable carbonaceous molecule in this experiment below 600 km.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shemansky, Donald E -- Stewart, A Ian F -- West, Robert A -- Esposito, Larry W -- Hallett, Janet T -- Liu, Xianming -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):978-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. dons@hippolyta.usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylene ; Atmosphere ; Ethane ; Ethylenes ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrocarbons, Acyclic ; *Hydrogen Cyanide ; Mathematics ; Methane ; *Saturn ; *Spacecraft ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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