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  • 1
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    Energetic particles in the jovian magnetotail (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: When the solar wind hits Jupiter's magnetic field, it creates a long magnetotail trailing behind the planet that channels material out of the Jupiter system. The New Horizons spacecraft traversed the length of the jovian magnetotail to 〉2500 jovian radii (RJ; 1 RJ identical with 71,400 kilometers), observing a high-temperature, multispecies population of energetic particles. Velocity dispersions, anisotropies, and compositional variation seen in the deep-tail (greater, similar 500 RJ) with a approximately 3-day periodicity are similar to variations seen closer to Jupiter in Galileo data. The signatures suggest plasma streaming away from the planet and injection sites in the near-tail region (approximately 200 to 400 RJ) that could be related to magnetic reconnection events. The tail structure remains coherent at least until it reaches the magnetosheath at 1655 RJ.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, R L Jr -- Haggerty, D K -- Hill, M E -- Krimigis, S M -- Livi, S -- Ho, G C -- Gurnee, R S -- Mauk, B H -- Mitchell, D G -- Roelof, E C -- McComas, D J -- Bagenal, F -- Elliott, H A -- Brown, L E -- Kusterer, M -- Vandegriff, J -- Stern, S A -- Weaver, H A -- Spencer, J R -- Moore, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):220-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. ralph.mcnutt@jhuapl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electrons ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ions ; *Jupiter ; Oxygen ; Protons ; Spacecraft ; Sulfur ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Electron beams and ion composition measured at Io and in its torus (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-18
    Description: Intense, magnetic field-aligned, bidirectional, energetic (〉15 kiloelectron volts) electron beams were discovered by the Galileo energetic particles detector during the flyby of Io. These beams can carry sufficient energy flux into Jupiter's atmosphere to produce a visible aurora at the footprint of the magnetic flux tube connecting Io to Jupiter. Composition measurements through the torus showed that the spatial distributions of protons, oxygen, and sulfur are different, with sulfur being the dominant energetic (〉 approximately 10 kiloelectron volts per nucleon) ion at closest approach.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, D J -- Mauk, B H -- McEntire, R E -- Roelof, E C -- Armstrong, T P -- Wilken, B -- Roederer, J G -- Krimigis, S M -- Fritz, T A -- Lanzerotti, L J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Oct 18;274(5286):401-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8832885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electrons ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ions ; *Jupiter ; Magnetics ; Oxygen/analysis ; Protons ; Sulfur/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Interplanetary energetic particle observations of the March 1989 events (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The IMP-8 spacecraft placed in an elongated orbit of approximately R(sub E) x R(sub E) orbit around the Earth was the only monitor of the energetic particle environment of the near interplanetary space during the period of the solar particle events associated with the Active Region 5395 in March 1989. Measurements of energetic ion and electron intensities were obtained in a series of channels within the energy range: 0.3 to 440 MeV for photons, 0.6 to 52 MeV/nuc for alpha particles, 0.7 to 3.3 MeV/nuc for nuclei with Z greater than or equal to 3, 3 to 9 MeV/nuc with Z greater than or equal to 20, and 0.2 to 2.5 MeV for electrons. The responses of selected energy channels during the period 5 to 23 March 1989 are displayed. It is clearly noted that the most prominent energetic ion intensity enhancements in that time interval were associated with the interplanetary shock wave of March 13 (07:42 UT) as well as that of March 8 (17:56 UT), which have distinct particle acceleration signatures. These shock waves play a major role in determining the near Earth energetic ion intensities during the above period by accelerating and modulating the ambient solar energetic particle population, which was already present in high intensities in the interplanetary medium due to the superposition of a series of solar flare particle events originating in AR 5395. The differential ion intensities at the lowest energy channel of the CPME experiment, which were associated with the March 13 shock wave, reached the highest level in the life of the IMP-8 spacecraft at this energy. At high energies, the shock associated intensity peak was smaller by less than a factor of 3 than the maxima of solar flare particle intensities from some other major flares, in particular from those with sites well connected to the Earth's magnetic flux tubes.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Max '91 Workshop 2: Developments in Observations and Theory for Solar Cycle 22; p 246-247
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  • 4
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    Multispacecraft observations of the east-west asymmetry of solar energetic storm particle events (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Energetic proton observations have been obtained by instruments aboard the IMP-7 and -8 spacecraft and Voyager-1 and -2 deep space probes, in order to study the generation of solar flare Energetic Storm Particle Events (ESP) events at widely separated locations on the same shock front which are presumably characterized, on average, by different IMF shock front configurations for solar flare sites. Energetic proton observations indicate that substantial differences in the ESP proton intensity enhancements are detected at these energies for locations on the shock front with wide heliolongitude separations. The present results indicate that acceleration of ESP protons to more than 500 keV takes place at the quasi-perpendicular shock front domain, consistent with the 'shock drift' acceleration mechanism.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938); 96; 413-421
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  • 5
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    Deep space observations of the east-west asymmetry of solar energetic storm particle events - Voyagers 1 and 2 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It has been well established that solar flare shock waves, propagating through the interplanetary medium, accelerate ambient energetic particles, giving rise to the formation of energetic storm particle (ESP) intensity enhancements. However, the acceleration mechanism which is responsible for the generation of ESP events is still under investigation. In the present investigation, energetic proton observations during solar flare ESP events made with the aid of the Voyagers 1 and 2 deep space probes are employed as a basis to examine further the acceleration processes responsible for the generation of ESP events under different 'interplanetary magnetic field-shock front' configurations. It is found that large ESP proton intensity enhancements are superimposed on the ambient solar energetic particle population for solar flare sites to the east of the sun-spacecraft medidian.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 3961-396
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  • 6
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    Evidence for solar magnetic loops beyond 1 AU (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A description is presented of observations of energetic particles emitted by solar flares into interplanetary magnetic loop-like structures during two different events. In one of these events, the IMP-7 spacecraft detected particles which were injected into an apparently preexisting 'magnetic loop' during the onset of a solar flare particle event. The energetic particles appear to bounce between two magnetic mirrors. During the second event, the spacecraft entered a magnetic field regime where the energetic particle intensities had already reached a characteristic angular distribution indicative of a stably trapped population. Observations of the evolution of the angular distributions of the energetic particle intensities during the solar events reveal the occurrence of unusual particle anisotropies.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Feb. 198
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  • 7
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    Hydrogen over helium enhancement in successive solar flare particle events from the same active region (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An analysis of all of the identified solar-flare-associated energetic particle events in the 1972-1975 period observed with instruments aboard the IMP 7 and IMP 8 satellites has revealed at least eight occasions when more than one particle-producing flare occurred within the same McMath active plage region during its transit of the visible solar disk. A strong tendency for second flares to produce hydrogen over helium (p/alpha) enhanced energetic particle fluxes when compared with the first flare in the 1.8-10.0 MeV per nucleon range emerged in these multiflare regions. The p/alpha enhancement is apparently transient, and for flares separated by at least about 100 hours the p/alpha ratio tends toward its preflare value. It is suggested that the substrate plasma in an active region may be enriched prior to a flare in elements heavier than hydrogen and the composition may not be significantly altered during subsequent acceleration, escape, and propagation. Thus, the preflare history of the active region must be added to the list of factors influencing observed solar-particle-event composition.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 228
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  • 8
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    Coronal propagation and storage at energies approximately 1 MeV/nucleon (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Energetic particle events relating to quasi-stationary particle populations, solar flare events, and solar composition are discussed in the context of similar observations likely to be made during solar probe encounter. Particlar emphasis is given to interrelationships with coronal magnetic structure and plasma processes. General instrumental requirements are listed, and it is concluded that energetic particle detectors meeting these requirements will successfully complement other essential experiments on the Solar Probe.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: JPL A Close-up of the Sun; p 219-233
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  • 9
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    Observations of a high-energy ion shock spike in interplanetary space (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations are reported of a high-energy ion shock spike extending in energy to more than 25 MeV for protons, more than 4.3 MeV/nuc for alpha particles, and more than 1.6 MeV/nuc for medium nuclei with Z of at least 6. The measurements were obtained in the course of a solar-particle event on September 15, 1975, by the IMP-7 and IMP-8 spacecraft. It is shown that the observations can be reasonably accounted for by intensive acceleration of charged particles at an 'almost' perpendicular interplanetary shock wave. The data are inconsistent with a one-step d.c.-type acceleration process.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 3; Mar. 197
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  • 10
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    Low-energy solar cosmic rays - A bibliography (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 13; July 197
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