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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2008-02-02
    Description: Recombination plays a crucial role in meiosis, ensuring the proper segregation of chromosomes. Recent linkage disequilibrium (LD) and sperm-typing studies suggest that recombination rates vary tremendously across the human genome, with most events occurring in narrow "hotspots." To examine variation in fine-scale recombination patterns among individuals, we used dense, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data collected in nuclear families to localize crossovers with high spatial resolution. This analysis revealed that overall recombination hotspot usage is similar in males and females, with individual hotspots often active in both sexes. Across the genome, roughly 60% of crossovers occurred in hotspots inferred from LD studies. Notably, however, we found extensive and heritable variation among both males and females in the proportion of crossovers occurring in these hotspots.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coop, Graham -- Wen, Xiaoquan -- Ober, Carole -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Przeworski, Molly -- GM83098/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD21244/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG002772/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL56399/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL56533/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1395-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1151851. Epub 2008 Jan 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Cummings Life Science Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. gcoop@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18239090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Crossing Over, Genetic ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Meiosis ; Paternal Age ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Transcription Initiation Site
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-02-22
    Description: Genome-sequencing studies indicate that all humans carry many genetic variants predicted to cause loss of function (LoF) of protein-coding genes, suggesting unexpected redundancy in the human genome. Here we apply stringent filters to 2951 putative LoF variants obtained from 185 human genomes to determine their true prevalence and properties. We estimate that human genomes typically contain ~100 genuine LoF variants with ~20 genes completely inactivated. We identify rare and likely deleterious LoF alleles, including 26 known and 21 predicted severe disease-causing variants, as well as common LoF variants in nonessential genes. We describe functional and evolutionary differences between LoF-tolerant and recessive disease genes and a method for using these differences to prioritize candidate genes found in clinical sequencing studies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299548/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299548/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacArthur, Daniel G -- Balasubramanian, Suganthi -- Frankish, Adam -- Huang, Ni -- Morris, James -- Walter, Klaudia -- Jostins, Luke -- Habegger, Lukas -- Pickrell, Joseph K -- Montgomery, Stephen B -- Albers, Cornelis A -- Zhang, Zhengdong D -- Conrad, Donald F -- Lunter, Gerton -- Zheng, Hancheng -- Ayub, Qasim -- DePristo, Mark A -- Banks, Eric -- Hu, Min -- Handsaker, Robert E -- Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A -- Fromer, Menachem -- Jin, Mike -- Mu, Xinmeng Jasmine -- Khurana, Ekta -- Ye, Kai -- Kay, Mike -- Saunders, Gary Ian -- Suner, Marie-Marthe -- Hunt, Toby -- Barnes, If H A -- Amid, Clara -- Carvalho-Silva, Denise R -- Bignell, Alexandra H -- Snow, Catherine -- Yngvadottir, Bryndis -- Bumpstead, Suzannah -- Cooper, David N -- Xue, Yali -- Romero, Irene Gallego -- 1000 Genomes Project Consortium -- Wang, Jun -- Li, Yingrui -- Gibbs, Richard A -- McCarroll, Steven A -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Harrow, Jennifer -- Hurles, Matthew E -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- 085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/I02593X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- RG/09/012/28096/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Feb 17;335(6070):823-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1215040.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. macarthur@atgu.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22344438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disease/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteins/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: Li et al. (Research Articles, 1 July 2011, p. 53; published online 19 May 2011) reported more than 10,000 mismatches between messenger RNA and DNA sequences from the same individuals, which they attributed to previously unrecognized mechanisms of gene regulation. We found that at least 88% of these sequence mismatches can likely be explained by technical artifacts such as errors in mapping sequencing reads to a reference genome, sequencing errors, and genetic variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickrell, Joseph K -- Gilad, Yoav -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- GM077959/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 16;335(6074):1302; author reply 1302. doi: 10.1126/science.1210484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. pickrell@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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