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  • 1
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    Fear of predation slows plant-litter decomposition (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Aboveground consumers are believed to affect ecosystem functioning by regulating the quantity and quality of plant litter entering the soil. We uncovered a pathway whereby terrestrial predators regulate ecosystem processes via indirect control over soil community function. Grasshopper herbivores stressed by spider predators have a higher body carbon-to-nitrogen ratio than do grasshoppers raised without spiders. This change in elemental content does not slow grasshopper decomposition but perturbs belowground community function, decelerating the subsequent decomposition of plant litter. This legacy effect of predation on soil community function appears to be regulated by the amount of herbivore protein entering the soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawlena, Dror -- Strickland, Michael S -- Bradford, Mark A -- Schmitz, Oswald J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 15;336(6087):1434-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1220097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 370 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. dror.hawlena@mail.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Fear ; *Food Chain ; Grasshoppers/chemistry/*physiology ; Herbivory/physiology ; Insect Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; *Plants ; *Predatory Behavior ; Soil/chemistry ; *Soil Microbiology ; Spiders/*physiology ; *Stress, Physiological
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Effects of predator hunting mode on grassland ecosystem function (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: The way predators control their prey populations is determined by the interplay between predator hunting mode and prey antipredator behavior. It is uncertain, however, how the effects of such interplay control ecosystem function. A 3-year experiment in grassland mesocosms revealed that actively hunting spiders reduced plant species diversity and enhanced aboveground net primary production and nitrogen mineralization rate, whereas sit-and-wait ambush spiders had opposite effects. These effects arise from the different responses to the two different predators by their grasshopper prey-the dominant herbivore species that controls plant species composition and accordingly ecosystem functioning. Predator hunting mode is thus a key functional trait that can help to explain variation in the nature of top-down control of ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmitz, Oswald J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):952-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1152355.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. oswald.schmitz@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biodiversity ; Connecticut ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; *Grasshoppers ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; *Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; Random Allocation ; Solidago/metabolism ; *Spiders
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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