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    Role of land-surface changes in arctic summer warming (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: A major challenge in predicting Earth's future climate state is to understand feedbacks that alter greenhouse-gas forcing. Here we synthesize field data from arctic Alaska, showing that terrestrial changes in summer albedo contribute substantially to recent high-latitude warming trends. Pronounced terrestrial summer warming in arctic Alaska correlates with a lengthening of the snow-free season that has increased atmospheric heating locally by about 3 watts per square meter per decade (similar in magnitude to the regional heating expected over multiple decades from a doubling of atmospheric CO2). The continuation of current trends in shrub and tree expansion could further amplify this atmospheric heating by two to seven times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapin, F S 3rd -- Sturm, M -- Serreze, M C -- McFadden, J P -- Key, J R -- Lloyd, A H -- McGuire, A D -- Rupp, T S -- Lynch, A H -- Schimel, J P -- Beringer, J -- Chapman, W L -- Epstein, H E -- Euskirchen, E S -- Hinzman, L D -- Jia, G -- Ping, C-L -- Tape, K D -- Thompson, C D C -- Walker, D A -- Welker, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):657-60. Epub 2005 Sep 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA. terry.chapin@uaf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Arctic Regions ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Picea ; Seasons ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Long-term warming restructures Arctic tundra without changing net soil carbon storage (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-17
    Description: High latitudes contain nearly half of global soil carbon, prompting interest in understanding how the Arctic terrestrial carbon balance will respond to rising temperatures. Low temperatures suppress the activity of soil biota, retarding decomposition and nitrogen release, which limits plant and microbial growth. Warming initially accelerates decomposition, increasing nitrogen availability, productivity and woody-plant dominance. However, these responses may be transitory, because coupled abiotic-biotic feedback loops that alter soil-temperature dynamics and change the structure and activity of soil communities, can develop. Here we report the results of a two-decade summer warming experiment in an Alaskan tundra ecosystem. Warming increased plant biomass and woody dominance, indirectly increased winter soil temperature, homogenized the soil trophic structure across horizons and suppressed surface-soil-decomposer activity, but did not change total soil carbon or nitrogen stocks, thereby increasing net ecosystem carbon storage. Notably, the strongest effects were in the mineral horizon, where warming increased decomposer activity and carbon stock: a 'biotic awakening' at depth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sistla, Seeta A -- Moore, John C -- Simpson, Rodney T -- Gough, Laura -- Shaver, Gaius R -- Schimel, Joshua P -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 30;497(7451):615-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12129. Epub 2013 May 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93108, USA. sistla@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Biomass ; Carbon/*analysis ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Cold Climate ; Discriminant Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Global Warming/*statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/metabolism ; Rain ; Soil/analysis/*chemistry/parasitology ; Soil Microbiology ; *Temperature ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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