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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (2)
  • *Crops, Agricultural  (1)
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  • 1
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    Ecology. Agriculture at a crossroads (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiers, E Toby -- Leakey, Roger R B -- Izac, Anne-Marie -- Heinemann, Jack A -- Rosenthal, Erika -- Nathan, Dev -- Jiggins, Janice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):320-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1158390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. ekiers@falw.vu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods/trends ; *Crops, Agricultural ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Humans ; Internationality ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Poverty ; Private Sector ; Public Policy ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Rural Population
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Development of an Electrostatic Precipitator to Remove Martian Atmospheric Dust from ISRU Gas Intakes During Planetary Exploration Missions (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Manned exploration missions to Mars will need dependable in situ resource utilization (ISRU) for the production of oxygen and other commodities. One of these resources is the Martian atmosphere itself, which is composed of carbon dioxide (95.3%), nitrogen (2.7%), argon (1.6%), oxygen (0.13%), carbon monoxide (0.07%), and water vapor (0.03%), as well as other trace gases. However, the Martian atmosphere also contains relatively large amounts of dust, uploaded by frequent dust devils and high Winds. To make this gas usable for oxygen extraction in specialized chambers requires the removal of most of the dust. An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) system is an obvious choice. But with an atmospheric pressure just one-hundredth of Earth's, electrical breakdown at low voltages makes the implementation of the electrostatic precipitator technology very challenging. Ion mobility, drag forces, dust particle charging, and migration velocity are also affected because the low gas pressure results in molecular mean free paths that are approximately one hundred times longer than those at Earth .atmospheric pressure. We report here on our efforts to develop this technology at the Kennedy Space Center, using gases with approximately the same composition as the Martian atmosphere in a vacuum chamber at 9 mbars, the atmospheric pressure on Mars. We also present I-V curves and large particle charging data for various versions of wire-cylinder and rod-cylinder geometry ESPs. Preliminary results suggest that use of an ESP for dust collection on Mars may be feasible, but further testing with Martian dust simulant is required.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: KSC-2011-218 , IEEE-lAS Annual Meeting; Oct 09, 2011 - Oct 13, 2011; Orlando, FL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Electrostatic Precipitation of Dust in the Martian Atmosphere: Implications for the Utilization of Resources During Future Manned Exploration Missions (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Future human missions to Mars will require the utilization of local resources for oxygen, fuel. and water. The In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) project is an active research endeavor at NASA to develop technologies that can enable cost effective ways to live off the land. The extraction of oxygen from the Martian atmosphere. composed primarily of carbon dioxide, is one of the most important goals of the Mars ISRU project. The main obstacle is the relatively large amount of dust present in the Martian atmosphere. This dust must be efficiently removed from atmospheric gas intakes for ISRU processing chambers. A common technique to achieve this removal on earth is by electrostatic precipitation, where large electrostatic fields are established in a localized region to precipitate and collect previously charged dust particles. This technique is difficult to adapt to the Martian environment, with an atmospheric pressure of about one-hundredth of the terrestrial atmosphere. At these low pressures. the corona discharges required to implant an electrostatic charge to the particles to be collected is extremely difficult to sustain and the corona easily becomes biopolar. which is unsuitable for particle charging. In this paper, we report on our successful efforts to establish a stable corona under Martian simulated conditions. We also present results on dust collecting efficiencies with an electrostatic precipitator prototype that could be effectively used on a future mission to the red planet
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: KSC-2011-112R , KSC-2011-112 , International Symposium on Physical Sciences in Space/European Space Agency; Jul 11, 2011 - Jul 15, 2011; Bonn; Germany
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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