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  • Semiconductors I: bulk  (6)
  • *Biological Evolution  (2)
  • Biological Evolution  (2)
  • 1
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    Spectroscopic evidence for trap-dominated magnetic field effects in organic semiconductors (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-30
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, M. H. A. Wijnen, G. A. H. Wetzelaer, M. Kemerink, P. W. M. Blom, and B. Koopmans Polaron traps are ubiquitous in organic semiconductors and recent evidence suggests they might be crucial for the large observed magnetic field effects (MFEs) in organic semiconductors. Here we measure MFEs in polymer thin-film devices with engineered, radiative trap sites in order to spectroscopica... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 155205] Published Wed Oct 29, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    ΔB mechanism for fringe-field organic magnetoresistance (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-24
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, S. P. Kersten, J. M. Veerhoek, P. Bobbert, and B. Koopmans Fringe fields emanating from magnetic domain structures can give rise to magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors. In this article, we explain these magnetic-field effects in terms of a ΔB mechanism. This mechanism describes how variations in magnetic-field strength between two polaron hopping si... [Phys. Rev. B 91, 165205] Published Thu Apr 23, 2015
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
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    Anisotropic magnetoconductance in polymer thin films (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, F. Zhu, J. M. Veerhoek, and B. Koopmans Understanding the fundamental spin-spin interactions occurring in organic semiconductors is currently an open problem. The authors take a step closer to a possible solution with this detailed investigation of anisotropic magnetic field effects occurring in polymer thin films. [Phys. Rev. B 89, 195204] Published Fri May 23, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
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    Association of malaria parasite population structure, HLA, and immunological antagonism (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Host-parasite coevolution has been likened to a molecular arms race, with particular parasite genes evolving to evade specific host defenses. Study of the variants of an antigenic epitope of Plasmodium falciparum that induces a cytotoxic T cell response supports this view. In African children with malaria, the variants present are influenced by the presence of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type that restricts the immune response to this epitope. The distribution of parasite variants may be further influenced by the ability of cohabiting parasite strains to facilitate each other's survival by down-regulating cellular immune responses, using altered peptide ligand antagonism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, S C -- Plebanski, M -- Gupta, S -- Morris, J -- Cox, M -- Aidoo, M -- Kwiatkowski, D -- Greenwood, B M -- Whittle, H C -- Hill, A V -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1173-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/*immunology ; Biological Evolution ; Child ; Epitopes ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gambia ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Variation ; HLA-B35 Antigen/*immunology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Malaria, Falciparum/*immunology/parasitology ; Models, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Experimentally assessing the relative importance of predation and competition as agents of selection (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-11
    Description: Field experiments that measure natural selection in response to manipulations of the selective regime are extremely rare, even in systems where the ecological basis of adaptation has been studied extensively. The adaptive radiation of Caribbean Anolis lizards has been studied for decades, leading to precise predictions about the influence of alternative agents of selection in the wild. Here we present experimental evidence for the relative importance of two putative agents of selection in shaping the adaptive landscape for a classic island radiation. We manipulated whole-island populations of the brown anole lizard, Anolis sagrei, to measure the relative importance of predation versus competition as agents of natural selection. We excluded or included bird and snake predators across six islands that ranged from low to high population densities of lizards, then measured subsequent differences in behaviour and natural selection in each population. Predators altered the lizards' perching behaviour and increased mortality, but predation treatments did not alter selection on phenotypic traits. By contrast, experimentally increasing population density dramatically increased the strength of viability selection favouring large body size, long relative limb length and high running stamina. Our results from A. sagrei are consistent with the hypothesis that intraspecific competition is more important than predation in shaping the selective landscape for traits central to the adaptive radiation of Anolis ecomorphs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calsbeek, Ryan -- Cox, Robert M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 3;465(7298):613-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09020. Epub 2010 May 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. ryan.calsbeek@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20453837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bahamas ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/physiology ; Body Size/physiology ; Competitive Behavior/*physiology ; Extremities/anatomy & histology ; Geography ; Lizards/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Organ Size/physiology ; Phenotype ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior/*physiology ; Running/physiology ; Selection, Genetic/*physiology ; Snakes/physiology ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Cryptic sex-ratio bias provides indirect genetic benefits despite sexual conflict (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: When selection favors sexual dimorphism, high-fitness parents often produce low-fitness progeny of the opposite sex. This sexual conflict is thought to overwhelm the genetic benefits of mate choice because preferred males incur a cost through the production of low-fitness daughters. We provide a counterpoint in a lizard (Anolis sagrei) that exhibits sexual conflict over body size. By using mate-choice experiments, we show that female brown anoles produce more sons than daughters via large sires but more daughters than sons via small sires. Measures of progeny fitness in the wild suggest that maximal fitness payoffs can be achieved by shifting offspring production from daughters to sons as sire size increases. These results illustrate how the resolution of sexual conflict can restore the genetic benefits of mate choice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, Robert M -- Calsbeek, Ryan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):92-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1185550. Epub 2010 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. robert.m.cox@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Lizards/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Human lineage-specific amplification, selection, and neuronal expression of DUF1220 domains (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: Extreme gene duplication is a major source of evolutionary novelty. A genome-wide survey of gene copy number variation among human and great ape lineages revealed that the most striking human lineage-specific amplification was due to an unknown gene, MGC8902, which is predicted to encode multiple copies of a protein domain of unknown function (DUF1220). Sequences encoding these domains are virtually all primate-specific, show signs of positive selection, and are increasingly amplified generally as a function of a species' evolutionary proximity to humans, where the greatest number of copies (212) is found. DUF1220 domains are highly expressed in brain regions associated with higher cognitive function, and in brain show neuron-specific expression preferentially in cell bodies and dendrites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popesco, Magdalena C -- Maclaren, Erik J -- Hopkins, Janet -- Dumas, Laura -- Cox, Michael -- Meltesen, Lynne -- McGavran, Loris -- Wyckoff, Gerald J -- Sikela, James M -- AA11853/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1304-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Medical Genetics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cognition ; Exons ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neocortex/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Rats ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Traps and trions as origin of magnetoresistance in organic semiconductors (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-03
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, P. Janssen, F. Zhu, and B. Koopmans The large effect of a small magnetic field on the current, magnetoconductance (MC), in organic semiconductors—so-called organic magnetoresistance—has puzzled the field of organic spintronics during the last decade. Although the microscopic mechanisms regarding spin mixing are well understood by now,... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 035202] Published Tue Jul 02, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
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    Large magnetic field effects in electrochemically doped organic light-emitting diodes (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-05
    Description: Author(s): S. van Reenen, S. P. Kersten, S. H. W. Wouters, M. Cox, P. Janssen, B. Koopmans, P. A. Bobbert, and M. Kemerink Large negative magnetoconductance (MC) of ∼12% is observed in electrochemically doped polymer light-emitting diodes at sub-band-gap bias voltages ( V bias ). Simultaneously, a positive magnetoefficiency (Mη) of 9% is observed at V bias = 2 V. At higher bias voltages, both the MC and Mη diminish while a ... [Phys. Rev. B 88, 125203] Published Wed Sep 04, 2013
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
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    Investigating the influence of traps on organic magnetoresistance by molecular doping (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-07
    Description: Author(s): M. Cox, E. H. M. van der Heijden, P. Janssen, and B. Koopmans Traps are localized, deep lying energetic states and are generally considered detrimental for organic semiconducting devices. In this work, we investigate their influence on the magnetic field sensitive current in organic devices, an effect often called organic magnetoresistance. Polymer thin films ... [Phys. Rev. B 89, 085201] Published Thu Feb 06, 2014
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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