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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-11-27
    Description: Apoptosis can be triggered by members of the Bcl-2 protein family, such as Bim, that share only the BH3 domain with this family. Gene targeting in mice revealed important physiological roles for Bim. Lymphoid and myeloid cells accumulated, T cell development was perturbed, and most older mice accumulated plasma cells and succumbed to autoimmune kidney disease. Lymphocytes were refractory to apoptotic stimuli such as cytokine deprivation, calcium ion flux, and microtubule perturbation but not to others. Thus, Bim is required for hematopoietic homeostasis and as a barrier to autoimmunity. Moreover, particular death stimuli appear to activate apoptosis through distinct BH3-only proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bouillet, P -- Metcalf, D -- Huang, D C -- Tarlinton, D M -- Kay, T W -- Kontgen, F -- Adams, J M -- Strasser, A -- CA43540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 26;286(5445):1735-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10576740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; *Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Carrier Proteins/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Glomerulonephritis/etiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology ; Homeostasis ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/*physiology ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-10-02
    Description: Fas ligand (FasL), an apoptosis-inducing member of the TNF cytokine family, and its receptor Fas are critical for the shutdown of chronic immune responses and prevention of autoimmunity. Accordingly, mutations in their genes cause severe lymphadenopathy and autoimmune disease in mice and humans. FasL function is regulated by deposition in the plasma membrane and metalloprotease-mediated shedding. Here we generated gene-targeted mice that selectively lack either secreted FasL (sFasL) or membrane-bound FasL (mFasL) to resolve which of these forms is required for cell killing and to explore their hypothesized non-apoptotic activities. Mice lacking sFasL (FasL(Deltas/Deltas)) appeared normal and their T cells readily killed target cells, whereas T cells lacking mFasL (FasL(Deltam/Deltam)) could not kill cells through Fas activation. FasL(Deltam/Deltam) mice developed lymphadenopathy and hyper-gammaglobulinaemia, similar to FasL(gld/gld) mice, which express a mutant form of FasL that cannot bind Fas, but surprisingly, FasL(Deltam/Deltam) mice (on a C57BL/6 background) succumbed to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like autoimmune kidney destruction and histiocytic sarcoma, diseases that occur only rarely and much later in FasL(gld/gld) mice. These results demonstrate that mFasL is essential for cytotoxic activity and constitutes the guardian against lymphadenopathy, autoimmunity and cancer, whereas excess sFasL appears to promote autoimmunity and tumorigenesis through non-apoptotic activities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785124/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785124/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O' Reilly, Lorraine A -- Tai, Lin -- Lee, Lily -- Kruse, Elizabeth A -- Grabow, Stephanie -- Fairlie, W Douglas -- Haynes, Nicole M -- Tarlinton, David M -- Zhang, Jian-Guo -- Belz, Gabrielle T -- Smyth, Mark J -- Bouillet, Philippe -- Robb, Lorraine -- Strasser, Andreas -- CA043540-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80188-6/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA043540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA043540-18/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA080188-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 1;461(7264):659-63. doi: 10.1038/nature08402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology ; Antigens, CD95/*metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cytidine Deaminase/metabolism ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Fas Ligand Protein/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Glomerulonephritis/metabolism ; Histiocytic Sarcoma/metabolism ; Hypergammaglobulinemia/metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism ; Lymphatic Diseases/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Splenomegaly/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: FAS (also called APO-1 and CD95) and its physiological ligand, FASL, regulate apoptosis of unwanted or dangerous cells, functioning as a guardian against autoimmunity and cancer development. Distinct cell types differ in the mechanisms by which the 'death receptor' FAS triggers their apoptosis. In type I cells, such as lymphocytes, activation of 'effector caspases' by FAS-induced activation of caspase-8 suffices for cell killing, whereas in type II cells, including hepatocytes and pancreatic beta-cells, caspase cascade amplification through caspase-8-mediated activation of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BID (BH3 interacting domain death agonist) is essential. Here we show that loss of XIAP (X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) function by gene targeting or treatment with a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC, also called DIABLO; direct IAP-binding protein with low pI) mimetic drug in mice rendered hepatocytes and beta-cells independent of BID for FAS-induced apoptosis. These results show that XIAP is the critical discriminator between type I and type II apoptosis signalling and suggest that IAP inhibitors should be used with caution in cancer patients with underlying liver conditions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956120/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956120/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jost, Philipp J -- Grabow, Stephanie -- Gray, Daniel -- McKenzie, Mark D -- Nachbur, Ueli -- Huang, David C S -- Bouillet, Philippe -- Thomas, Helen E -- Borner, Christoph -- Silke, John -- Strasser, Andreas -- Kaufmann, Thomas -- CA 43540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA043540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA043540-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA043540-22/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA080188-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA080188-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1035-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08229. Epub 2009 Jul 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/deficiency/genetics ; Biomimetic Materials/pharmacology ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Enzyme Activation ; Fas Ligand Protein/metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis/metabolism/pathology ; Hepatocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction ; Thymus Gland/cytology/drug effects ; X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: A central issue in the regulation of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 family is whether its BH3-only members initiate apoptosis by directly binding to the essential cell-death mediators Bax and Bak, or whether they can act indirectly, by engaging their pro-survival Bcl-2-like relatives. Contrary to the direct-activation model, we show that Bax and Bak can mediate apoptosis without discernable association with the putative BH3-only activators (Bim, Bid, and Puma), even in cells with no Bim or Bid and reduced Puma. Our results indicate that BH3-only proteins induce apoptosis at least primarily by engaging the multiple pro-survival relatives guarding Bax and Bak.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Simon N -- Fletcher, Jamie I -- Kaufmann, Thomas -- van Delft, Mark F -- Chen, Lin -- Czabotar, Peter E -- Ierino, Helen -- Lee, Erinna F -- Fairlie, W Douglas -- Bouillet, Philippe -- Strasser, Andreas -- Kluck, Ruth M -- Adams, Jerry M -- Huang, David C S -- CA43540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):856-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism ; bcl-X Protein/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Apoptosis provoked by DNA damage requires the p53 tumor suppressor, but which of the many p53-regulated genes are required has remained unknown. Two genes induced by this transcription factor, noxa and puma (bbc3), stand out, because they encode BH3-only proteins, proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family required to initiate apoptosis. In mice with either noxa or puma disrupted, we observed decreased DNA damage-induced apoptosis in fibroblasts, although only loss of Puma protected lymphocytes from cell death. Puma deficiency also protected cells against diverse p53-independent cytotoxic insults, including cytokine deprivation and exposure to glucocorticoids, the kinase inhibitor staurosporine, or phorbol ester. Hence, Puma and Noxa are critical mediators of the apoptotic responses induced by p53 and other agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villunger, Andreas -- Michalak, Ewa M -- Coultas, Leigh -- Mullauer, Franziska -- Bock, Gunther -- Ausserlechner, Michael J -- Adams, Jerry M -- Strasser, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1036-8. Epub 2003 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. andreas.villunger@uibk.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/physiology ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cytokines/physiology ; DNA Damage ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/*physiology ; Gamma Rays ; Gene Targeting ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/physiology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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