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  • 1
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    Rapid development of broadly influenza neutralizing antibodies through redundant mutations (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-09
    Description: The neutralizing antibody response to influenza virus is dominated by antibodies that bind to the globular head of haemagglutinin, which undergoes a continuous antigenic drift, necessitating the re-formulation of influenza vaccines on an annual basis. Recently, several laboratories have described a new class of rare influenza-neutralizing antibodies that target a conserved site in the haemagglutinin stem. Most of these antibodies use the heavy-chain variable region VH1-69 gene, and structural data demonstrate that they bind to the haemagglutinin stem through conserved heavy-chain complementarity determining region (HCDR) residues. However, the VH1-69 antibodies are highly mutated and are produced by some but not all individuals, suggesting that several somatic mutations may be required for their development. To address this, here we characterize 197 anti-stem antibodies from a single donor, reconstruct the developmental pathways of several VH1-69 clones and identify two key elements that are required for the initial development of most VH1-69 antibodies: a polymorphic germline-encoded phenylalanine at position 54 and a conserved tyrosine at position 98 in HCDR3. Strikingly, in most cases a single proline to alanine mutation at position 52a in HCDR2 is sufficient to confer high affinity binding to the selecting H1 antigen, consistent with rapid affinity maturation. Surprisingly, additional favourable mutations continue to accumulate, increasing the breadth of reactivity and making both the initial mutations and phenylalanine at position 54 functionally redundant. These results define VH1-69 allele polymorphism, rearrangement of the VDJ gene segments and single somatic mutations as the three requirements for generating broadly neutralizing VH1-69 antibodies and reveal an unexpected redundancy in the affinity maturation process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pappas, Leontios -- Foglierini, Mathilde -- Piccoli, Luca -- Kallewaard, Nicole L -- Turrini, Filippo -- Silacci, Chiara -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Agatic, Gloria -- Giacchetto-Sasselli, Isabella -- Pellicciotta, Gabriele -- Sallusto, Federica -- Zhu, Qing -- Vicenzi, Elisa -- Corti, Davide -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- U19 AI-057266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Dec 18;516(7531):418-22. doi: 10.1038/nature13764. Epub 2014 Oct 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Insitute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA. ; Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; Humabs BioMed SA, Via Mirasole 1, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Unit of Preventive Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; 1] Insitute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland [2] Humabs BioMed SA, Via Mirasole 1, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland [3]. ; 1] Insitute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland [2] Insitute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland [3].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25296253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry/*genetics ; Female ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Influenza, Human/*immunology/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/*genetics ; Orthomyxoviridae/*immunology/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Binding/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Protective monotherapy against lethal Ebola virus infection by a potently neutralizing antibody (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Ebola virus disease in humans is highly lethal, with case fatality rates ranging from 25 to 90%. There is no licensed treatment or vaccine against the virus, underscoring the need for efficacious countermeasures. We ascertained that a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit Ebola virus disease outbreak maintained circulating antibodies against the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein for more than a decade after infection. From this survivor we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize recent and previous outbreak variants of Ebola virus and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Strikingly, monotherapy with mAb114 protected macaques when given as late as 5 days after challenge. Treatment with a single human mAb suggests that a simplified therapeutic strategy for human Ebola infection may be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corti, Davide -- Misasi, John -- Mulangu, Sabue -- Stanley, Daphne A -- Kanekiyo, Masaru -- Wollen, Suzanne -- Ploquin, Aurelie -- Doria-Rose, Nicole A -- Staupe, Ryan P -- Bailey, Michael -- Shi, Wei -- Choe, Misook -- Marcus, Hadar -- Thompson, Emily A -- Cagigi, Alberto -- Silacci, Chiara -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Perez, Laurent -- Sallusto, Federica -- Vanzetta, Fabrizia -- Agatic, Gloria -- Cameroni, Elisabetta -- Kisalu, Neville -- Gordon, Ingelise -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Mascola, John R -- Graham, Barney S -- Muyembe-Tamfun, Jean-Jacques -- Trefry, John C -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Sullivan, Nancy J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1339-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5224. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. njsull@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Viral/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & purification ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ebolavirus/*immunology ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Macaca ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Survivors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A LAIR1 insertion generates broadly reactive antibodies against malaria variant antigens (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-25
    Description: Plasmodium falciparum antigens expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes are important targets of naturally acquired immunity against malaria, but their high number and variability provide the pathogen with a powerful means of escape from host antibodies. Although broadly reactive antibodies against these antigens could be useful as therapeutics and in vaccine design, their identification has proven elusive. Here we report the isolation of human monoclonal antibodies that recognize erythrocytes infected by different P. falciparum isolates and opsonize these cells by binding to members of the RIFIN family. These antibodies acquired broad reactivity through a novel mechanism of insertion of a large DNA fragment between the V and DJ segments. The insert, which is both necessary and sufficient for binding to RIFINs, encodes the entire 98 amino acid collagen-binding domain of LAIR1, an immunoglobulin superfamily inhibitory receptor encoded on chromosome 19. In each of the two donors studied, the antibodies are produced by a single expanded B-cell clone and carry distinct somatic mutations in the LAIR1 domain that abolish binding to collagen and increase binding to infected erythrocytes. These findings illustrate, with a biologically relevant example, a novel mechanism of antibody diversification by interchromosomal DNA transposition and demonstrate the existence of conserved epitopes that may be suitable candidates for the development of a malaria vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tan, Joshua -- Pieper, Kathrin -- Piccoli, Luca -- Abdi, Abdirahman -- Foglierini, Mathilde -- Geiger, Roger -- Tully, Claire Maria -- Jarrossay, David -- Ndungu, Francis Maina -- Wambua, Juliana -- Bejon, Philip -- Fregni, Chiara Silacci -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Barbieri, Sonia -- Bianchi, Siro -- Marsh, Kevin -- Thathy, Vandana -- Corti, Davide -- Sallusto, Federica -- Bull, Peter -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- 077092/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084113/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084378/Z/07/A/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084535/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 084538/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092654/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092741/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 099811/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 7;529(7584):105-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16450. Epub 2015 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, CGMRC, PO Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya. ; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. ; Institute for Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26700814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/therapeutic use ; *Antibody Specificity ; Antigenic Variation/*immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology ; Clone Cells/cytology/immunology ; Collagen/immunology/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence/immunology ; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics/immunology ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry/immunology ; Erythrocytes/immunology/metabolism/parasitology ; Humans ; Kenya ; Malaria/*immunology/parasitology ; Malaria Vaccines/chemistry/immunology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/*genetics ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/immunology ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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