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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of foot-and-mouth disease virus from BHK 21 C 13 cells grown on the surface of glass spheres (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In view of the advantages which are associated with the use of the BHK monolayer cell for the production of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus, a unit system using glass spheres was developed to grow BHK monolayer cells and to test the susceptibility of such cells to FMD virus. The yield of cells and their susceptibility compares favorably with BHK monolayer cells which have been grown in Roux bottles.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of foot-and-mouth disease virus from BHK 21 C 13 cells grown on the surface of DEAE sephadex A50 beads (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 659-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are described which make possible the production of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus from BHK 21 C13 monolayer cells which have been grown on the surface of serum coated DEAE Sephadex A50 beads. The yield of cells and their susceptibility to infection by FMD virus are equivalent to conventional Roux monolayer systems. The potential for the commercial application of the DEAE Sephadex A50 system is discussed in relation to other unit process monolayer systems and in particular to the system in which cells are cultured in a deep bed of small glass spheres.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180506
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trypsinization of BHK 21 monolayer cells grown in two large-scale unit process systems (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 1735-1738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260191113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The scale-up from 0.1 to 100 liter of a unit process system based on 3-mm-diameter glass spheres for the production of four strains of FMDV from BHK monolayer cells (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 551-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the scale-up from 0.1 to 100 liter of the unit process based on 3-mm-diameter glass spheres for the growth of BHK monolayer cells. The production of four strains of FMD virus at the 0.1-, 10-, and 100-liter scales was examined. Cell growth was estimated from measurements of the concentration of glucose in the growth medium, while the release of virus was inferred from measuring the concentration of LDH in the culture supernatant fluid. The yields of virus at 0.1-, 1-, and 10-liter scales were similar but that from the 100-liter version was somewhat lower. The reason for this lower yield and the method used to overcome it over outlined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of oxygenation methods fro high-density perfusion culture of animal cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma cells ; bubble oxygenation ; silicone tubing oxygenation ; perfusion culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A perfusion culture system was developed to investigate the oxygenation of high-density hybridoma cell cultures. The culture system was composed of a stirred-tank bioreactor and an external microfiltration hollow fiber cartridge for medium perfusion. Cell growth and antibody production were examined with large bubble (≈5 mm in diameter), micron-sized bubble (≈ 80 μm in diameter), and silicone tubing oxygenation techniques. Comparable cell growth and monoclonal antibody (MAb) production were found for both the micron-sized and large oxygenation methods, provided that large bubbles were enriched with pure oxygen. Relatively low cell growth and MAb production were attained with the bubble-free silicone tubing oxygenation. It is concluded that direct bubble oxygenation can be applied successfully in high-density animal cell cultures, provided that the culture medium is supplemented with Pluronic F-68. The accumulation of ammonia in the culture medium rather than oxygen limitation was found to be one of the possible problems that eventually inhibited cell growth. This and the fouling of the filtration cartridge during long-term cultivation were found to be more problematic than simple bubble oxygenation of high-density cell culture. The micron-sized bubble oxygenation method is highly recommended for high-density animal cell cultures, provided that Pluronic F-68 is supplemented into the culture medium. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410702
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen transfer properties of bubbles in animal cell culture media (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 252-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: animal cell culture ; bubble ; k1a ; surfactant ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxygen transfer rates were determined in a bubble aerated animal cell bioreactor. It was found that the oxygen transfer rates increased in the following order: large bubbles (≈5 mm diameter) 〈 intermediate bubbles (≈1 mm diameter) 〈 micron-sized bubbles (≈100 μm diameter). Under certain conditions, the micron-sized bubbles were capable of achieving oxygen transfer rate up to 100 h-1, a 10-20-fold higher transfer rate than the large bubbles. The effects of medium composition on oxygen transfer rates were different for the three ranges of bubbles studied. For the large bubbles, oxygen transfer rates decreased with increasing medium complexity. The lowest oxygen transfer rate was found in new-born calf serum (NBCS) and/or Pluronic F-68 supplemented media. For the intermediate and micron-sized bubbles, supplementation with NBCS into the culture media resulted in decreased oxygen transfer rate. However, further supplementation with Pluronic F-68 enhanced oxygen transfer rate greatly for both types of bubbles. The highest oxygen transfer rate was found for micron-sized bubbles in Pluronic F-68 supplemented media containing antifoam agent and NBCS.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production and use of swine vesicular disease virus from pig kidney monolayer cells grown on the surface of 3-mm-diameter glass spheres (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three-phase pattern in growth, monoclonal antibody production, and metabolite exchange in a hybridoma bioreactor culture (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; kinetics ; curve fitting ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of partial cubic spline data interpolation for the calculation of volumetric metabolite exchange rates suggested the existence of three distinct metabolic phases during bioreactor culture of a hybridoma cell line. During phase 1, a rapid amino acid uptake rate and ammonia release rate were observed. The growth rate was low and glutamine synthetase activity fell. In phase 2, maximum growth rate and minimum glutamine assimilation and ammonium production rates were observed. Attempts to corroborate the apparent ammonia assimilation in this phase using 15NH4Cl resulted in low incorporation rates into alanine and glutamine. Maximum glutamine synthetase activity took place during this period. Maximum antibody production rate was observed during phase 3 during which peaks in glutamine assimilation, ammonia release, and glutamine synthetase activity were observed. The apparent existence of the three phases prompted us to carry out Northern blot analysis of glutamine synthetase RNA at appropriate times during the process. This revealed a pattern of appearance and dis-appearance of mRNA consistent with the three phases indicated by the fermentation parameters. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of monoclonal antibody yield by hybridoma fed-batch culture, resulting in extended maintenance of viable cell population (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1099-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: hybridoma ; fed batch ; materials balancing ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hybridoma batch cultures were extended using feed formulations based on nutrient consumption measured during different batch culture phases when (a) growth but negligible antibody production was taking place; (b) maximum antibody production rate and declining viable cell growth rate were observed. Strategy (a) was the more successful (2.8-fold compared with 1.8-fold antibody titer increase) and maintained cell viability for longer. Analysis of the effects of omitting individual amino acids yielded results which were consistent with those from the feeding experiment © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440911
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the time to harvest foot-and-mouth disease virus cultures by measurements of the supernatant, concentration of lactic dehydrogenase (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 19 (1977), S. 929-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260190611
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